Hi curious and curious, I'm JJ Priego, welcome, stories of history, that little place,
where it has the story differently.
I suppose that for the millions of followers, Asterix and Obelix, will not be unfamiliar
the character of the pirate Barbarossa. True?
A captain and a crew, always ready to take a beating!
Since, whenever intersect with Asterix and Obelix, his ship sunk and they just
in a driftwood.
Well, although René Goscinny and Albert Uderzo, were based on the pirates created
by Jean-Michel Charlier and Victor Hubinon.
And they did, for their comic adventures, Le Démon des Caraïbes (The demon Caribbean).
For the time and scope, the Mediterranean Sea, might well have
It has been pirates hair shirts, and instead of Barbarossa, could have been the pirate Zeníquetes.
Pirate, the most famous of the old world.
Want to know more? ... Join us.
INTRO
Well, as I said, in comics of Asterix and Obelix, instead of Barbarossa,
They could have talked about Zeníquetes and Cilician pirates.
And, with the name of Cilicia, he was known to the coastal strip of Anatolia, today Çucurova,
in southeastern Turkey today.
The interior of the region, called then, Cilicia Trachea, is mountainous and rugged,
while the coast, Cilicia Pedias, is softer, alternating, the great plains
river, from the mouths of the Cydnus, Saros and Pyramus rivers, with sharp cliffs,
islands and best to hide ships and even entire flotillas coves.
From the time of the Hittites, Persians and Seleucids, this region was always disputed area
between great powers, suffering, with dramatic recurrence the ravages of war.
Perhaps, that poverty, agricultural soils, and farms devastated by conflict, added,
to poor fishing in those Mediterranean waters, it was what led to the inhabitants of this
so wild area, look for a more adventurous life.
Soon, those small bands of brigands, grouped in a single vessel, or a few
of them, always small and shallow draft, as liburnae of Illyria and pinnaces
and hemiolias of the Aegean islands, began looking for targets, more ambitious, to plunder
onerarias ships unawares in their domestic routes.
During the first half of the first century BC many captains pirates began to señorearse
archipelagos and strategic enclaves, no longer hidden coves, but they located in
well fortified port cities, where they established their naval bases, apart
Rome, Egypt, or who try to prevent their criminal activities.
Come on, the forerunners of the Caribbean island of Tortuga.
And, increasingly they were becoming bolder, not content with rapine and
assaults, but creating a funding system based on the kidnappings of wealthy Romans
they worked very well.
Known is the episode of the kidnapping of a young and arrogant, Gaius Julius Caesar, when
he went to Rhodes, willing to complete their education, although in this case, ended
in tragedy for his captors.
So, we told Plutarch, in his Life of Pompey, the sad ending, I could expect,
who fell into the hands of the Cilician pirates:
"But what greater affront was that captivated some, if he said it was Romano and gave them
the name, pretended to be sobrecogían, and trembling, slapped each other on the thighs,
and prostrated themselves before him, telling him to forgive. Creíalos, seeing them dismayed and reduced
to make supplications; but then you put some shoes, others wrapped in the toga,
so you do not cease to be met, and when they had so mocked and derided long,
They are casting a scale water and told to come down and be happy; and he resisted,
caught him and plunged into the sea. "Plutarco
It is in this very period, when it appears on the scene, one of the pirate captains more
renowned, Zeníquetes, also known as Zenicetus in some ancient sources.
It is true that the classical sources, portrayed the Cilician pirates, with the same contempt,
the Greeks did, in time with the Persians, focusing viciously in his picturesque
mixture of afeminamiento, boldness and cruel.
His captains, liked, decorated faces and clothes, plush arms, kept beards
and perfumed, earrings in your ears and make-ups, an image that would describe today as a
little tacky.
Their ships, not desmerecían his sick taste for ostentation: the biremes and triremes
Cilicians, exhibited large purple sails, burnished bronze in his spurs, blades
silver oars and dark flags with skulls and crossbones waving on the masts.
By doing, a simple extrapolation, Caribbean piracy were not less sophisticated,
these thieves of the seas, their English and French heirs of the seventeenth and
XVIII, being those Cilicians, the first marine in creating a community partnership,
where everyone owned everything, and the captains, did not hold the knob beyond combat,
It can be deposed in assembly, seamanship, if strongly disagree.
In other words, despite their love for luxury, were communists Lenin.
Well, from their base in the city of Olympos (Çıralı today in Antalya, Turkey), Zeníquetes,
He is acting on his own or under the "letter of marque" King Mithridates of Pontus.
Browse, between Rhodes and Crete, became, in a collective suicide, for every commercial ship
without pavilion Sinope.
Each warlord, took control of a piece of coastline, being, his comrade
Pirate Nicon, the scourge of the ships of the Fertile Crescent, and Zeníquetes the Aegean
Oriental.
And so, hundreds of bitter complaints from merchants and landowners, robbed or abducted,
They were coming every year to the Senate.
Therefore, in response, so alarming problem, Senator Publius Servilius Vatia, was sent
as proconsul, to Cilicia in 77 BC at the head of an army, and a large fleet,
to combat the constant threat that meant, these gangsters of the sea, within the
commercial development of the republic in the East.
After a quick naval victory, in which the Roman quinqueremes desarbolaron
small pirate ships, war moved to the coast of Lydia, having to take one
each one pirate stronghold.
Perhaps the deadliest episode was the taking of Olympos, the main base pirate leader
and their last redoubt, assault, in which the Zeníquetes himself and his men died
burned alive, before surrendering to the Romans.
After occupying Olympos, Vatia, he continued in their stalking steely piracy, moving
its troops from Lidia to Pamphylia.
The next target was the natural harbor of Phaselis (today near Kemer, Antalya)
it was still true to Zeníquetes.
And from there, completing his coastal campaign in the important port of Coricos (Kızkalesi today,
in Mersin), where he captured the city and captured many pirates, including the dreaded Nicon.
But, not content with having eradicated piracy in the whole cilicia coast,
75 BC, Vatia launched a new and successful campaign in the Taurus Mountains, then,
the surviving pirates, had hidden in Isauria, a campaign that earned him the conquest
of Cilicia Trachea, and recognition as imperator by his troops.
In addition, Vatia Publius Servilius, taught his triumph through the streets of Rome, in which
He exhibited his immense booty, and their hostage, Nicon in chains.
Interestingly, all captured riches were deposited in the temple of Saturn,
because Vatia, would not keep his part of the booty, being different from the rest of
previous proconsuls, always avid golden glory of the motherland.
Since that day, the Senate awarded him the prestigious title of Isáurico.
But unfortunately for Rome, the proconsul pirate Isáuricoel not solve the problem,
because with his victories, just got a break.
In 68 BC, the audacity of the Cilician pirates reached its climax, especially later,
He is having defeated Marco Antonio's father in Crete, inflicting severe losses.
Free of all Roman naval pressure and browsing at home, from Ibiza to Cyprus in their
wanderings came to plunder Caieta (now Gaeta), too, Miseno and Ostia, self
port of Rome, expanding its wave of terror across the western Mediterranean.
As it was, Pompey the Great, who had to take exceptional measures. one measures
extras, to solve definitely the problem, as were exceptional, powers
Imperium, the Senate, and Lex Gabinia, gave him, to eradicate piracy
once and for all, without the clear reluctance of the entire Senate Optimate faction, which
She saw in those privileges, an excessive accumulation of power in one person.
Therefore, few senators supported, from the beginning, these measures in favor of Pompey,
including one Gaius Julius Caesar.
But, in this way, as commander in chief of all the shores of the Mare Internum up
fifty miles inland, Pompey divided the sea in thirteen areas, placing,
in each of them a legacy of confidence in command of a fleet.
His tactic was a success, and quickly and effectively. In only forty days, he wiped
pirates, from the Pillars of Hercules, the present Straits of Gibraltar to Sicily.
With the west controlled, one by one, all the pirate flotillas, were massacred by
their legacies, pushing the survivors to the shores of Cilicia.
The last and agonizing battle was fought against the city of Coracesio (today Alanya)
where, according to the propaganda of the time, Pompey and two hundred ships, sank,
about a thousand enemy ships, epic, culminating his victorious campaign, and
which, according to Plutarch, more than twenty thousand pirates were killed and another ten thousand were
arrested after taking the city.
Changing strategy during the war, Pompey chose to negotiate with some of
the pirate leaders, to delatasen lairs, their comrades in exchange for
their freedom, and perhaps, at the mercy of such private agreements, not all those thieves,
flayed ended on the cross.
And, many pirates were even converted to Roman citizens. And they ended their days,
as traders in the old city of Soli, which was renamed, then as Pompeiopolis
(Now in ruins, near Kastamonu, Turkey).
Years later, after the death of Caesar, and the arrival on the scene of the triumvirate, some
of those old sailors assigned to the clientele of Pompey, would represent
a problem for the stability of Rome, and his new master, Gaius Octavius, but that's another
history.
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