In this lesson video we will introduce using "estar" to describe conditions and emotions.
A condition is a feeling that happens in your body and an emotion is feeling that happens
in your mind.
Let's look at the sentence word order needed to ask about someone's condition or emotions.
First, you will use the interrogative word ¿Cómo?
Along with a conjugation of the verb "estar".
The conjugation that you use depends on who you are asking about because that will person
will be the subject of the sentence.
Remember in questions in Spanish the subject comes directly after the conjugated verb or
at the very end of the sentence.
If we wrote the sentence structure in a formula, it would look like this: ¿Cómo?
plus a conjugation of the verb "estar" plus a subject or subject pronoun.
Por ejemplo:
¿Cómo estás tú?
¿Cómo está usted?
¿Cómo está tu madre?
¿Cómo está Lorenzo?
¿Cómo están ellos?
¿Cómo están ustedes?
¿Cómo están Mia y Alba?
All of these examples begin with the interrogative word ¿Cómo?
They also all use a conjugation of the verb "estar" after the interrogative word that
corresponds with the subject of the sentence.
To use "estar" to describe someone's condition or emotions, you would use the following
word order: Subject + "estar" + adjective of condition or emotion
You must make sure that the adjective that you use agrees in gender (masculine or feminine)
and in number (singular or plural) with the noun it describes.
In these types of sentences, the noun being described will be the subject of the sentence.
Por ejemplo:
Mi madre está contenta.
My mother is happy.
In this sentence our subject is "My mother" which is singular and feminine.
We had to use the singular third person form of "estar" because we are talking about
one person.
Our adjective "contenta" agrees in gender (feminine) and number (singular) with the
noun it is describing "Mi madre".
Lorenzo está contento.
Lorenzo is happy.
In this sentence our subject is "Lorenzo" which is singular and masculine.
We had to use the singular third person form of "estar" because we are talking about
one person.
Our adjective "contento" agrees in gender (masculine) and number (singular) with the
noun it is describing "Lorenzo".
Ellos están contentos.
They are happy.
In this sentence our subject is "Ellos" which is plural and masculine.
We had to use the plural third person form of "estar" because we are talking about
more than one person.
Our adjective "contentos" agrees in gender (masculine) and number (plural) with the subject
pronoun it is describing "Ellos".
Mia y Alba están contentas.
Mia and Alba are happy.
In this sentence our subject is "Mia y Alba" which is plural and feminine.
We had to use the plural third person form of "estar" because we are talking about
more than one person.
Our adjective "contentas" agrees in gender (feminine) and number (plural) with the nouns
it is describing "Mia y Alba".
Remember that adjectives that end in the vowel -e can be both masculine or feminine.
So for those adjectives you only have to decide whether to add an -s at the end of the adjective
to make it agree in number with the noun being described.
Por ejemplo:
Mi prima está triste.
In this sentence our subject is "My (female) cousin" which is singular and feminine.
We had to use the singular third person form of "estar" because we are talking about
one person.
Our adjective "triste" can agree in gender (feminine) since it ends in -e and can apply
to either gender and number (singular) with the noun it is describing "My (female) cousin".
Mi primo está triste.
In this sentence our subject is "My (male) cousin" which is singular and masculine.
We had to use the singular third person form of "estar" because we are talking about
one person.
Our adjective "triste" can agree in gender (masculine) since it ends in -e and can apply
to either gender and number (singular) with the noun it is describing "My (male) cousin".
Mis primas están tristes.
In this sentence our subject is "My (female) cousins" which is plural and feminine.
We had to use the plural third person form of "estar" because we are talking about
more than one person.
Our adjective "triste" can agree in gender (feminine) since it ends in -e and can apply
to either gender and number (plural) with the noun it is describing "My (female) cousins".
Mis primos están tristes.
In this sentence our subject is "My (male) cousins" which is plural and masculine.
We had to use the plural third person form of "estar" because we are talking about
more than one person.
Our adjective "triste" can agree in gender (masculine) since it ends in -e and can apply
to either gender and number (plural) with the noun it is describing "My (male) cousins".
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