The city of Corongo is located in the Andes mountain range of the department of Ancash, in northern Peru.
Water is a vital element for its people, mainly devoted to farming and husbandry activities.
Perhaps that is why their Traditional System of Water Judges has been such an enduring organization
as they ensure the proper supply of water.
A water judge is the head of the water organization and for one year takes on major social duties,
which are closely related to the peopleís rituals and religiousness.
Like in many other Andean localities, Corongoís farm land is divided
into two areas commonly known as ®upper moiety® and ®lower moiety.®
This way of dividing the land dates back to pre-Hispanic times and appears in all the elements of the peopleís culture.
The water judges are appointed on a yearly basis
and inaugurated in their functions every January 1st in a swearing-in.
Upon assuming their position, the water judges from each district receive a mitre of St. Peterís,
the provinceís main patron saint.
The headpiece symbolizes the judgeís authority over the people
and the faith that according to tradition will help him fulfil his duties throughout the year.
Each water judge has a wooden rod with the carved image of the patron saint that he carries when discharging his duties.
First of all I carry this function because of my devotion, for the faith I have in St. Peter. This is a family tradition.
My great grandfather was a water judge back in 1924 and my grandfather in 1952,
and because of our devotion to St. Peter, our family keeps this tradition to thank our Patron Saint Peter.
We are one authority, like the administrator and commission president.
We deserve respect and enforce rules concerning water issues, so that water is not wastedÖ
We go one step at a time to build a good dam Of course because it belongs to us
The water judges rely on four to six assistants called campos,
who every two weeks take turns to distribute water among local water users in their district.
One of the campos is appointed the campo mayor,
and is the only one who can replace the water judge in case of his absence.
The campo mayor is basically the right hand man of the water judge
and he is elected by the community so the campo mayor is a leader of the people
We are the cabecillas of the festivity
The cabecillas (leaders) are those people who have committed to working together with the water judges
during the festivities for which they will be responsible throughout the year.
Being appointed as water judge is an honour
and a source of pride for all of the Coronguinos (or people from Corongo).
Those who wish to take on such responsibility ask to be registered in the Book of Minutes
of the Irrigation Water Board at Corongo Municipality, generally five year or more years in advance.
I have seen my father serving as ìcampoî for so many years
that I felt encouraged to follow the custom, and to pass it on my children.
All this belongs to the nationís cultural heritage and that is why it is very important
to teach the idea that we are willing to fill this position
Among the various duties of Corongoís water judges, they must organize the canalsí cleaning.
Each year, before the rainy season starts,
the judges lead the people in cleaning the canals that will take the water to the crops.
Everyone helps and works freely to clean the irrigation canal and avoid any hurries;
that is why they come and help the water judge
We clean once a year, we work together; otherwise we could not finish, it is a tradition and we love it
as Coronguinos we must keep the tradition alive so that it never gets lost, we want to finish this work today.
After the rainy season, the judge distributes water among the people based on the principles of justice and equity.
Each user asks the judge for the amount of water they will use on their farms, and it is the camposí responsibility to distribute it.
We distribute water every two weeks. We distribute water by the hour to each land property and plot owner.
The water is supplied every day starting at 6:00 in the morning. The user who will irrigate must be waiting.
Sometimes we go together because one of our obligations is to make sure they irrigate their land.
We go to the properties to supervise.
The water judges are also responsible for organizing the main local religious festivities:
the Feast of the Three Wise Men in January, Carnival,
Easter and mainly the Feast of Saint Peter, patron saint of Corongo people.
St. Peter helps and St. Peter gives. Many times Iíve heard men ñ who were water judges ñ say they had cows,
more donkeys and better potatoes crops thanks to St. Peter. They do not need any more.
The Feast of St. Peter is the most important celebration in Corongo
because ñ according to popular belief ñ the Catholic saint is closely related to water.
Thanks to him they have rain, produce and prosperity.
This festivity starts on June 27 but the main event is on June 29.
Along with their wives, the water judges carry the responsibility for organizing and paying for the Feast of St. Peter
that is a public demonstration of faith in St. Peter and the judgesí role as traditional authorities.
They are charged with staging two of Corongoís emblematic dances to honour the Saint, the Panataguas dance
and the Pallas dance, both linked to the districtís historical memory.
The Corongoís Water Judges have been recognized as part of the Cultural Heritage of the Nation.
They are an Andean form of social organization that is at the foundation of Corongo peopleís cultural identity.
This social system connects the religious festivity calendar
and natural resource management following the principles of justice and reciprocity.
Moreover, as a pre-Hispanic legacy of water and land stewardship,
it sets an example for modern environmental sustainability.
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