the temperature plummets the birds
They are silent dead from the sky because of the cold
it made the storms icy it
multiplied and snowed in July the earth
was plunged into a glacial era
it was a disastrous situation but I do not know
It's about the glaciation of 15,000 years ago
years when the woolly mammoths lived
it's about a different time from the cold
cataclysmic that started only seven
centuries a period that became known as the
small ice age
[Music]
some people died frozen to
early September was an event
extraordinary from the 14th to the 19th centuries
the small age of ice was primed in the
humanity millions of people
they died because of the chain reaction
that unleashed the cold in civilization
the sufferings were spooky
if it seemed that the weather conspired to
destroy people could be repeated from
new
some of my colleagues believe that
we could fall into a period of abrupt
cooling in a matter of decades
(applause]
a new glaciation would sow the cause
is plausible and that in those
conditions are used weapons
nuclear is the past a window that
shows our future
what is the raw and cold reality of the
most recent great creation of our
history
the little ice age in summer of
1653 at the top of the French Alps
a monster crawled towards the village
defenseless of cream the villagers
they believed that it was the product of the forces
of evil and that only god could save them
[Music]
a contingent of armed priests
only with holy water match for
face the monster face to face
[Music]
in the end the priests had to
stop before it rose the object
of the terror of the villagers a titanic
ice river what the glacier was one of
the many of the alps that are
advancing faster and farther than
thousands of years the alpine peasants
they were surrounded by a mass of ice
that he was swallowing his villages and
farmland
they believed that there was only one explanation
the glaciers were possessed by the
demon or rat was exxon the priests
they poured holy water and made the
rite of exorcism with the help of god
They hoped to stop the advance
devastating glacier and priests
they failed no earthly power would be
able to save from disaster
Alpine peasants
[Music]
that cold day nobody had even the most
remote idea that the glaciers that
threatened they were just a piece of the
climatic puzzle that remained
between the 14th and 19th centuries
it was a time that is now known as
the little ice age its effects
they were much less pronounced than
of the last great ice age that
had concluded about 10 thousand years before
when 30% of the planet was
covered with ice
still its impact in many parts of the
world was devastating
the refreshing of the small age of
ice was a drop of about two or
three degrees below the temperature
current average
it may not look like much but yes
we lived in the modern age would have a
serious impact on our lives
however it was more a period of
extreme climatic volatility that of
constant cold the little age of ice
it was a time of very climatic changes
volatile mixed without any kind of
logic or cycle could not be predicted with
modest changes compared to
things that are observed in the records
geological
but thanks to the historical stories
we know that they were enough to affect the
society
r the small age of ice
changed the world so that now we
it would seem like a fantasy
at that time the bay of new york was
frozen for five weeks and the
people could walk from manhattan and
staten island
Eskimos could travel south in
kayak to Scotland and a summer
in England fell 60 centimeters of
snow in June and July
it was such a cold year that it was remembered in
united europe as the year without
SUMMER
[Music]
the coldest issue sowed chaos in the
humanity and altered the course of
story from the frigid storm of
summer that decimated the invincible army
until the hunger that pushed the
crowds from france to paris for
demand bread at a reasonable price and finished
provoking the French revolution and a
recent theory certain the small age
of ice helped produce the sound
exquisite stradivarius violins
It is also surprising that the
little age of ice is the reason why
that the Americans that today must 11
times more beer than wine
[Music]
the natural forces that caused the
Little ice age are a mystery
the climatologists are determined to
unravel the because they believe that it is not
he tried an isolated event but
that is part of a recurring cycle
the little ice age can be a
icy background of our future
the reason why it is important
study the little age of ice is
because it gives us an idea of how they are
possible large fluctuations
climatic in other words than what
nature has reserved for us
if we get an idea of how they were
the great climatic variations of
past we will get an idea of what
will be possible in the future despite
all our technological power
we can not control the climate and the
Little Ice Age offers us a
fascinating perspective
the myth that the weather does not change and that
changes and is a danger to us
ignore those changes
for decades the climatologists have
been trying to rebuild with
precision the climate of the small age of
ice his advances have been limited
because the reliable instrumental data
as the measurement of temperature and
rainfall go back to just makes
two centuries but through time the
own land has retained tracks
valuable about climate history
it's a natural record that is now
providing scientists a
revolutionary information one of the
richer files is several
kilometers under the surface of the
world oceans
scientists have obtained thousands of
samples of the sediment layers of the
seabed
every five or ten centimeters
represent a thousand years of accumulation
embedded in the samples there are remains
fossilized of microscopic creatures
that have helped scientists to
determine global temperatures
during the little ice age
we know that in the ocean there are about 26
species of those organisms a single
sample can contain those 26 but the
quantity that appears decade species
different
we know that some prefer to live in
cold areas and others in warm areas
we can say that some like the
cold and other heat and it turns out that the
ratio between cold lovers and lovers
of heat is directly related
with temperature
so we just have to calculate the
relative percentage among lovers of
heat and cold lovers to get
a temperature the samples of
sediment have been a valuable resource
to help scientists to
determine that during the small age
of ice
the average temperature was between two and
three degrees lower than in the
currently
apparently the change hardly affected
the earth but the climatologists have
discovered that human populations
they are vulnerable even to minors
temperature drops
the little ice age is over
abruptly around the year 1300 about
a warm world whose climate was similar
to the current one in Europe the society had
reorganized after the fall of the empire
Roman and the tumultuous dark age was
the age of feudalism when the greatest
part of the people about lived eating
what he got from the land owned by
the medieval nobility
It was the time that witnessed the
emergence of urban centers the
growth of trade and
strengthening of the institution more
powerful society
the Catholic Church
for about 400 years between the 900s
and 1,300 the world had enjoyed a
climate between four and seven degrees more
warm
that of the cold and berga dark ages
[Music]
scientists call that time the
warm medieval period also what
they call small climatic optimum
because it coincided with one of the biggest
prosperity increases of the
civilization
throughout the warm medieval period
there was a feeling that things
they were improving society
experience a feeling of growth
creativity and vitality
at that time people depended a lot on
agriculture and crops failed
people were starving during the
warm medieval period the harvests
were more reliable and the production of
food rose swamps are
dried mosquitoes disappeared and
malaria was markedly reduced
diseases in general were reduced and
the population multiplied during the
warm medieval period the peasants
of Europe went from 40 to 60 million
the population also increased in russia
China and North America and agriculture are
expanded to the north to regions that
before they were too cold for him
grow the great winegrowers of
Europe the French competed with the
Suddenly, the vineyards
Great Britain quality at about 500
kilometers further north of the vineyards
more northern
It seems that the wine they produced was
so good that it was exported to france and
there are documents in which
French gentlemen complain about the
English noises 3 competing against the
theirs and tried to enact laws
Against them
when the warm weather spread through
your creative and optimistic population
it was dominated by a fever
construction without whereabouts were the
generations who chose the abbey of
westminster the leaning tower of pisa and
the magnificent gothic cathedrals that
continue to impress us explained
I think it's clear that this new style
of architecture that elevates the look
towards the sky when you walk inside
of them is related to the greatest
optimism about humanity and about the
human potential and with a feeling of
much greater optimism about the relationship
between man and god
however in the 13th century the
prosperity and optimism were defined
differently than now even in
wonderful weather times and
prosperity
the medieval peasant the farmer
medieval would say to the edge of the misery of
April, life expectancy is around 35
or 36 years infant mortality was
very high nor see and fitch
surely one in two children will die
before one year
so it was a very hard world
and any climate change could be
catastrophic
despite their low quality of life,
Europeans face the future with a great
Hope
and on the eve of the small age of
ice assumed the same as many of
we now the climate that had
known for centuries would not change
Never
but soon discovered by the bad
that they could not compete with a simple
descent of a few degrees of the
temperature at the beginning of the 14th century a
unexpected refreshing loomed
about the warm world of the middle ages
with brutal speed in the course of
just a decade the temperature
global average was reduced by about 4 degrees
below the current
the change was as sinister as subtle
the little ice age put the
discovered all the vulnerabilities
of medieval society and sparked a
devastating chain reaction that
prolonged 500 years
I think the idea that during the
little ice age the world became
colder is too simplistic in
the north of europe for example
very cold but the whole world does not
plunged into freezing cold in places like
Western Europe what happened was not
only that the average temperature was more
low but also the weather was more
extreme and in many in biarritz
the temperatures will be considerably
cold from norway new zealand
glaciers began to move forward with
speed and spread more than in the
ten thousand years previous
in england the thames was freezing
often and inspired a carnival
traditional called the ice fair
the merchants and the carnies went
to the river and installed stalls and
attractions
the first was held in 1607 and the
last in 1814 at the ice fair was
one of the few side effects
pleasant of the sudden change
climatic are the most typical were
disasters like the 14th century in europe
which was the first linked to the
small ice age in 1315 the weather
drastically changed the worst since the
Ural mountains at the heart of what
today is the european russia to ireland
gas when crops were raised
it started to rain and it continued raining and
raining incessantly and much of the
crops planted on marginal lands
it was carried by the simple water
soil erosion
the torrential rains persisted
for five long years the little
ice age was an era not only of
cooler temperatures but also from
more frequent and intense storms in
all europe the ancient lands
fertile became mud
waterlogged and plagued by crops
crushed the mass of peasants whose
population had increased during
the warm medieval period did not suit him
nothing to eat
At the end of the first year there was a
famine and at the end of the sixth year a
million and a half people had died
in all Europe
of hunger and related diseases
with love during the great famine the
crimes multiplied thieves of
tombs stole the valuables of
the corpses were exchanged for
food
the desperate assaulted anyone
to take food when the
crisis towards 1,320 the traumatized
survivors returned to their hard
I work in the dry fields but I do not
They understood that the choice of
crops they planted would continue
doing it is dangerously vulnerable
during the little ice age
farmers used to grow cereals
wheat barley oats and rye with which
they prepared the soups on which it depended
your survival
they were cereals made to measure
benign climate of the medieval period
warm but its long stems on
earth exposed to the elements we
they became easy victims of the
small ice age
the problem is that the grand slam part
heavier of the plant and when there
strong winds or rainy grammys are
very vulnerable plants that break
a lot of money and easily and if
fall to the ground once the grain enters
in contact with the damp earth no longer
It can be used
throughout Europe the crops failed
sporadically in the coming centuries
and one famine after another produced a
harvest of death between one thousand 371 and 1791
France was ravaged by 111 famines
in 1601 a famine killed five hundred
thousand people in russia on web in a world
in which there was so little food
most people were hungry
All the time
at that time it was common for families
with several children
for some to reserve with millet
for the others
another one rast this the history of hansel and
I made Gretel very representative of that
age of age you throw the parents
that they did not have enough to eat
they took their children to the forest and
they left to feed themselves
themselves and their other children
people did not die of hunger
died of diseases related to
hunger episodes of malnutrition
and other ailments that accumulated after
the disaster of 1,315 weakened the
population and made it more vulnerable to
the sustains of bubonic plague
'breaks' that ravaged europe the tribute
Years
the bubonic plague arrived in Europe in 1347
on a merchant ship from asia
and during the little ice age
what would be called black death found
the ideal breeding ground
the bubonic plague got much worse during
the little ice age because people
already weakened by the lack of
food
also when it was cold and it was raining
people did not leave the house and nothing is done
small houses where there were rats the
tricks entered looking for heat and
bring the fleas that you transmit and the
plague the infected masses of europe
they began to die to millions
the air became cloudy with the stench of
the decomposing corpses
the bells of the churches doubled
night and day for the dead
[Music]
the penitents who believed that the plague
it was the wrath of god wandered from a city
to another flagellating those sad
processions contributed to propagate more
Plague
when the plague ended in 1,351
dead 25 million people a third
of the population
those who survived continue
suffering from persistent famines and
diseases many of which
incubated because of the small age of
ice in many points of europe
Despair reached the limit
there were some who believed that the climatology
erratic was the evil work of his
neighbors to accuse of witchcraft
the statistics are creepy
11,563 the city of bailén see led to
63 women by witches the canton of berna
arfa more than a thousand people died for
witches who operates his collective hysteria
it can only be that the church stoked the
frenzy of 1,484 the Pope innocent
eighth issued a decree in which
occupied the witches of the cold weather and
destructive of Europe in the 14th and
17
the bad weather and the embers of witches
they went hand in hand
according to some historians about 50,000
men and women accused of conjuring
diabolical storms died in the
war
the little ice age planted the
death and chaos throughout europe
another victim was a remote colony of
daring explorers on the edge of
creative world
(applause]
when the little ice age ravaged
Europe in the 14th century
also put on the ropes to a
island colony gives in the limit of the
arctic border one of the most ironies
bitter of the story is that the people
most vulnerable of that time was one that
he bragged of strength and bravery from the
10th century 4 thousand Viking settlers had
carved a prosperous life in the
steep coasts of Greenland
although there were not many history
he became the protagonists of the greatest
epic drama of the struggle for
survival in the small age of
ice
the settlers were the vanguard of the
village most had and dominant of its
time
the violent Vikings had
terrified to half Europe and there was
sailed by the Atlantic until
North America its settlements of
Greenland were the experiment
reckless precursor of colonization
European Union 500 years before the
arrival of colon but the small age of
ice put an icy end to his
experience the Vikings had
installed in Greenland at the zenith of
warm medieval period towards the year
1000 when the benign temperatures
they were invited to life
it is thought that the first explorers
vikings who came to greenland the
they deliberately called green earth in
his script even if it was not to animate
to the settlers to migrate to it but it's
true that when they arrived they stayed
impressed by the exuberance of the
vegetation that entered the fjords
by those who navigated che
so maybe the name of land
green actually wrote the landscape well
green luso vegetation with trees
when the Vikings came to this area
they will go to excite because
they found large areas of pasture for
feed the cattle and they could go up to
mountains to find better coars
because here the grass is better than the
tour
Iniesta a paradise for them
the Greenlandic Vikings depended not
only from his abundant cattle for
survive but also from the banks of
cod that inhabited the clementes waters
[Music]
the temperature plummets the birds
they fell dead from the sky because of the cold
makes the storms freeze
multiplied and snowed in July the earth
was plunged into a glacial era
it was a disastrous situation but I do not know
It's about the glaciation of 15,000 years ago
years when the woolly mammoths lived
it's about a different time from the cold
cataclysmic that started only seven
centuries a period that became known as the
small ice age
[Music]
some people died frozen to
early September was an event
extraordinary from the 14th to the 19th centuries
the small age of ice was primed in the
humanity me and when winter ends
the cows were so weakened by
have passed it so the farmers
they had to take out the embarrassing ones as if
were babies, I carried her in my arms
fields to regain strength in
spring and summer when the little
Ice age lasted the cattle of
the Vikings began to die in
increasing amounts and to make
faced with hunger and the settlers moved to
depend more and more on the marine fauna
from Greenland
thanks to the measurements of the
isotopic composition of the carbon
bones of the tombs it is known that at
principle the Vikings fed the
80 percent of the land because they ate
a lot of lamb and at 20% of the
by the passage of time serrat or
gradually and in the end they moved to
increase by 80% of the marm by 20
percent of the earth
the fate of the Vikings worsened
when the waters that constituted its
only source of food began to
freeze the cod cod banks
Greenland sensitive to temperature
They fled from the frigid shores looking for
from warmer seas to the south
the Vikings began to die of
hungry
the sea of ice finally ended
isolating them from their European variants of
whose supplies depended for
Survive.
they spent long periods without
communication to know their generations
it seemed that the weather conspired for the
main there was another factor
conspiring besides the climate own
Vikings had learned a lesson
to survive the small age of
ice but they preferred to ignore the
for more than a century since
principle they had shared greenland
with the native people of the Inuit who
over the centuries they had
superbly adapted to the environment of
side unlike the Vikings the
Inuit knew how to fish during the months
coldest winter
the secret of his success was in his
ivory trees were high
-TECHNOLOGY
compared with the soft pastes of the
béticos knew the intuit culture and
they knew they were finn and they survived well
in the end only 100 comfortably but
he survived and they knew his techniques well
of pesos to brno they adopted them because
surely because they thought that the
Inuit were inferior
He referred to the Norwegians calling the
Inuit Cali that is more of an effort
means small people icea
If they had been willing to
collaborate with that other race and even in
clear your genes with it and mix the
cultures had been able to
adapt to the country but they refused and that
mistake out kill them
the final chapter of the Vikings in
Greenland happened here in the ruins
of this church on the south coast
the church of valls and is important
because it is the place where the
last historical consent of all
greenland
here a wedding was held at 1,400 or it was
a big bag because the source says that
guests arrived even from
Iceland what it tells us is that it
celebrated in a society that is being
disintegrating because of the weather more
hurry
of those 50 years later the Norwegians
they had extended to another
the little ice age ended with a
fearsome rat famous for its hardness and for
his invincible spirit
the Vikings had no idea that
forces of nature were
responsible for the freezing weather that
defeated today the scientists are
trying to solve this mystery that
caused the little age of ice
today 700 years after the beginning of the
small ice age
the climatologists are still debating what
natural processes unleashed that
caused the abrupt climate change that
ended with the Vikings and that destroyed
millions of people of the medieval world
there is no clear consensus although no
for lack of land
I think the basic cause of the little
ice age was that at that time
we receive less radiation from the sun
the problem is that reducing the
radiation from the sun was very small and
we still do not understand how a
so small reduction in radiation
solar could cause similar changes
climatic conditions of the small ice age
the heat of the sun was reduced perhaps in a
0.5 percent a very small amount
but from my opinion the lesson that
we learned from the little ice age
is that the earth is very sensitive to
variations
some scientists believe that the sun is
only part of the answer
another piece of the puzzle can
to be much closer to us
scientists have discovered clues
intriguing in samples taken from the
perpetual ice of Greenland and the
Antarctica on ice are preserved
climatic records that go back to
115,000 years ago the deposits of
sulfur from the ice samples indicate
that during the small ice age
produced an average of five large
volcanic disappointments per century and each
one of those eruptions had the power
explosive eruption of the krakatoa of
Today
rarely eruptions occur so
potent doomed to an eruption
volcanic releases gases and particles to the
atmosphere of the main gases are
water vapor and carbon dioxide that
they mix with the atmosphere but they are the
Sulfur gases that make you change
the weather and a rash is enough
strong
the fumarole that it gives off can reach
the stratosphere and by reacting with the
water vapor
formed a cloud of acid drops
sulfuric a fine and diffuse cloud that
can maintain for years in the
stratosphere and that cloud reflects the
Sun rays are forwarded by space and
cools the surface of the earth
some scientists believe that the cause
of the little age of ice has less
to do with the hot gases of the
top layer of the atmosphere and more with
the cold water from the depth of the
oceans
his theory focuses on a phenomenon
called thermohaline circulation or tape
ocean conveyor belt
conveyor
is a powerful flow of warm water that
moves the heat to the latitudes of
north
the gulf stream is part of
this huge global water circulation
that's basically how it works in the
tropic the surface of the sea is
heated by the large amount of sun is
water flows and moves north to the
attitude of for example island
that's where they're losing heat that
will leak and that heat will be absorbed and
takes the impulse out of the water
continuous conveyor as the
cool water becomes denser and
it sinks
then it flows south to
maintain balance with water
temperate that flows northward through the
surface
some scientists believe that the little
ice age occurred when the
natural forces interrupted that
flow
his theory is that the catalyst was the
Arctic ice fresh water flow that
had melted during the period
medieval warm I gave the reason why
people believe that the addition of water
sweet can end the currents is
because it unbalances the salinity of the
equation by darwish
if you add a lot of fresh water the
surface of the water is less dense and
much to cool down flat and if you do not
sinks the current stops
if the current stopped the effect
about the climate of the earth
especially from europe it would be huge
the heat would no longer be transported to the
atmosphere of the North Atlantic and the
dominant winds of clarian excess
cold sea air on the continent in
place of warm air the temperatures of
another little ice age they would swallow
europe
Scientists do not know for sure what
natural forces unleashed the
little ice age but they think that
know what caused the seven decades more
cold of the 500 years of the small age
of ice between 1645 and 1715 in the middle of
The Little Ice Age
the winter temperatures of
Northern hemisphere dropped 1.6 degrees
plus
climatologists point as a cause to
sun that they think was weakened by a
phenomenon known today as the minimum
of maunder the minimum refers to
minimum sunspot of the
surface of the sun when there is less
sunspots on the surface of the sun
the sun emits less radiation and
both the earth receives less radiation
and if less radiation is received it
it produces a global cooling
the cooling of the seventies caused
by the minimum of maunder gave way to the
era that witnessed the rapid advance of
the glaciers of the Alps and
desperate efforts of the inhabitants
of creams to counteract them home
for the peasant of the Alps who
I found a glacier
how to deal with 10 bulldozers
advancing against you in a row determined to
knock down your house until I could not
make the voice between 6º intercede before
God which favor and dra
[Music]
according to local archives
several of the advancing glaciers were
retired after the rites of exorcism
of the clergy but many ice plates
they resumed their advance and continued
including farms and villages in the century
17
the Europeans had no way of knowing
that the little ice age would last two
centuries more and that new and terrifying
disasters awaited civilization
[Music]
in the 17th century the little ice age
continuous relentless attack on the people
of europe decade after decade the cold
destroyed many of the vulnerable
cereal crops of which
they depended to survive
the lethal cycle of famine remained
but then the farmers more
innovators from england and holland
they started to counterattack with a great
ingenuity develop an agriculture of
an infundio his harvests of turnips of
bolis came to the cattle breeders
chau chau pipo the result was the
birth of agriculture
relatively modern but one
agriculture that was not based on
cereals but in much more crops
resistant to cold, humidity and
secretariat of cereal production
which continued to be an important part
of agriculture was practiced as part
of a much bigger and better process
integrated with a strategy that includes
by winning the increase of livestock breeding
increased the production of fertilizer for
sustain and improve the productivity of
the fields was a positive exchange
between grazing agriculture and
traditional cereal cultivation
the farmers of many areas of europe
they adopted the innovations and they started
an agricultural revolution that protected
millions of people from the dangers of
bad harvests and famines
also europe had another weapon against
small ice age although very few
they knew then a century earlier in the
16th century Spanish explorers
they had brought an invisible root of the
Peruvian Andes
[Music]
the potato the durable tuber could
survive the cold temperatures and
frequent storms that followed
whipping the peasants' crops
but for generations
did not know how to take advantage of its potential
oddly enough the Europeans seem
they refused to eat potatoes for many
reasons one because they were anchored in
the legal view culture is to say and
It was very linked to the pae and the potato
it was an iron that grew underground and
the works were seen as covers of
his city found it very difficult to accept
the potato for both kings and for
them the potato was the plant of the devil
many ignored the warnings
of the clergy who said that eating it was
sin millions of people preferred
go hungry than add it to your diet
the only thing he could with his resistance
cultural was a war
during the Thirty Years' War
a horrible war and only central Europe
style 17 the armies swept the
continent
sued village taking away women and
committing all the horrors that are
commit in wars including the
definition of the date detailed jumps
like barley or people could not
burn or could be trampled with the
cavalry but the potatoes that were
underground and you could not that timbers
the German peasants realized
and they changed mass crops
today they realized their huge
advantages in the legs became
a very popular crop in the north of
europe and saved thousands of lives
riffo people the potatoes saved to
many areas of europe from the circle
vicious of bad harvests in the 17th century
famines decreased and the
population finally began to increase
a nation like France, however, not
he knew how to adapt he wanted to introduce
potato in French agriculture but
the peasants did not want to see
the king wanted to promote the potato and
the word spread that I was taking it for
have tried to popularize a new
food because you knew it would improve
things but the peasants refused
the French peasants clung
blindly to tradition not only
rejected the potato but also the
previous agricultural innovations that
they had contributed English and Dutch
decade after decade they will live on the verge of
die of hunger in 1789 detonated a
time bomb in a society that
I was already billed for conflicts
.
that winter frost and cold
extreme destroy the crops of
country's cereals and pushed the
peasants to the revolution was colder
never
two bad harvests combined with cold
they put the peasants in a
situation of which it is okay not to
they would leave alive another year and had to
appeal to the government that at that time
He had other problems and could not do
too much for them was one of the
great factors of the revolution
French in July 1789
demonstrations of peasants
They toured fields and cities with
casey muskets terrorizing the
aristocracy
the cau was added to the riots
politicians who already consumed the nation
three weeks later the assembly
French national proclaimed the
declaration of the rights of man and
of the citizen and put France on course to
democracy after playing a role
important in the history of france
the little ice age hit with
devastating force over ireland or in
1845 two centuries had passed since
the capricious weather had forced the
Irish peasants adopt the potato
as a remedy to not die of hunger
during that time they had cultivated
several species of potatoes but for
back then they cultivated a type of
potato called bloomberg that was the most
grateful of all I hope a potato
Very easy to carry and spread
became the basis of the diet of the
Irish Chinese channel but it was a potato
of low quality whose poses are very prone to
diseases the population of ireland
fed with potatoes had been
tripled in 200 years 6 million
Irish depended on the potato as
only source of food but then
a mysterious plague attacked the crops
of potato and the tuber that gave
eat the whole nation dissolved in
an inedible black mass
the great Irish famine lasted five
years the suffering of the people
registered in the engravings drawn by
london artists illustrated news
starving children nibbled
Weeds weakened by
malnutrition
thousands of people died of cholera and
the typhus moribund mothers with children
dead in arms asked for alms for
buy slabs for the
suffering was creepy story of
kids on the street bury the
villages devoured by rats people
was people inside the
collapsed houses in bed too
weak to move because they were
dying of hunger or dysentery
when the great famine ended
Irish in 1851 the destruction had
been incalculable is estimated and is a
conservative calculation that a million and
half of Irish peasants died
in the great famine it was known as the
great death 30
[Music]
but not all the consequences of the
small ice age were
catastrophic if a recent theory is
certain
it might help to make one of the
most exquisite musical instruments 2
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