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A memo - a much-talked-about memo, though a memo that has been secret, may now actually

see the light of day.

Yeah.

Republicans on the House Intelligence Committee voted last night to release this classified

document.

Though few have seen it, it is said that the memo accuses the FBI of using bad information

in the early parts of its Russia investigation.

Committee Chairman Devin Nunes oversaw the preparation of the memo.

He once stepped aside from the Russia investigation but then launched his own investigation, which

led to this memo.

President Trump could still block the memo from becoming public, which is what his own

Justice Department would prefer.

So what do the players stand to gain or lose?

All right, let's bring in NPR justice reporter Ryan Lucas.

Hey, Ryan.

Hello there.

OK, so the $6 billion question - what is in this memo we're talking about?

Well, it's still classified so, we don't know exactly what it says.

And the interpretation kind of depends on who you ask.

The base line of what we have gathered so far is that it basically alleges - Republicans

are alleging kind of grave abuses by the FBI and Justice Department of surveillance powers

to target the Trump campaign.

And the suggestion with this, of course, is that the whole Russia probe is somehow tainted

by political bias.

Now, Republican lawmakers who have read the memo have presented this as kind of this epic

scandal.

They say this is something that the American people need to see, and that's one way to

make sure that it doesn't happen again.

Democrats, on the other hand - they say that the memo is essentially glorified Republican

talking points.

They say that they cherry-pick information from classified reports and present this sort

of misleading case.

And they say that it's also part of the broader GOP effort to discredit the FBI, and by extension,

of course, Robert Mueller's investigation.

Democrats have drawn up their own memo.

It's about 10 pages long.

It rebuts the Republican one.

That came up for a vote as well in the committee.

Republicans voted against releasing it.

It may come out later, but this is really just a sign of how partisan the House Intelligence

Committee's investigation and the Russia issue generally has become.

Partisan - though President Trump's own Justice Department has said releasing this would be

extraordinarily reckless.

So what exactly is the case against letting this thing come out?

You mentioned the Justice Department.

They have been the strongest kind of vocally coming out against this.

And the case is that it would basically harm national security.

The concern is that by releasing this memo, you could possibly reveal so-called sources

and methods of the FBI and the intelligence community more broadly that they use to gather

intelligence and conduct investigations.

And those are really kind of some of the most closely guarded things that the U.S. intelligence

community has.

And in normal circumstances, intelligence agencies that own the classified information

- in a report, we get to review it first, and this kind of sidesteps that process.

And so President Trump now gets to have the final decision on whether this thing is released.

Yes.

There's - this is all being done under this kind of obscure House rule that really hasn't

been used before.

But basically, the Republican memo will now go to the president.

He has five days to raise objections about its release - thumbs-up, thumbs-down.

If he gives it a thumbs-down, the House can overrule that.

But all indications so far are that the president is in favor of releasing this.

Let's remember what a bizarre political moment this is.

We're all discussing a memo that none of us have read and that the public has not read,

and even if it were released, we would be unlikely to see the underlying raw intelligence

that led to those conclusions.

And so as a result, essentially, what we've got here is a political situation where we're

all doing a Rorschach test and there's not even an inkblot to look at.

Nicely put.

All right, NPR justice reporter Ryan Lucas.

Ryan, we appreciate it.

My pleasure.

OK, so tonight, President Trump is going to be giving his first State of the Union address,

and he's expected to be expressing some level of optimism.

The president is expected to lay out how the U.S. economy is thriving and also try to sell

his immigration plans.

So what case will he make to lawmakers?

Well, let's ask NPR congressional reporter Kelsey Snell.

Good morning, Kelsey.

Good morning.

So one of the big jobs of a president giving this kind of address is usually to lay out

the agenda for the year.

So what are we expecting to hear in terms of what 2018 might look like?

Well, when I talk to members of Congress, what they want to hear is they want to hear

guidance on immigration.

They want to know where the president is.

They want to hear him say it in this speech.

They...

Because he hasn't been clear on that in - at certain moments.

Right.

And this is something that's pressing and that they have to deal with right now.

They need to get this done by March 5.

There is a potential that the president could extend the deadline for DACA, and that's something

that perhaps he could address in this speech.

They also want more details on this plan to shrink the federal workforce that the White

House has been kind of talking about.

Basically, they need a vision for a policy agenda.

The planning coffers are pretty empty once Congress finishes this work on the basic functions

of funding the government, so this would be an opportunity for the administration to set

an agenda and give Congress some guidance on what they should be doing next.

OK, so often, we hear it's almost like a laundry list of agenda items in a speech like this,

but also, tone - the tone of this speech really does matter here.

Yeah.

We can look back at the State of the Union - sorry, not the actual State of the Union

- the address to Congress that the president gave last year, and that was very forward-looking.

It was more upbeat, and it was a big change from what we heard during the inauguration,

which was that big American carnage speech.

And, you know, we want to know if Trump is going to be talking like he - you know, that

he's going to be rehashing, that he's going to be talking positively.

Is he going to be giving directions to Republicans in Congress about the way they should be talking

about the victories of last year?

Which is something that we expect him to spend a - quite a lot of time on - is the victories

of tax reform and the victories of rolling back regulations.

What's so interesting about this president - isn't it? - is that sometimes there is this

tension between the president who his base wants to hear from.

Right.

...And the president who much of Washington wants to hear from in terms of being, you

know, a unifier and a negotiator.

Yeah.

That's what we kind of call Twitter Trump versus on-script or teleprompter Trump.

Perfect.

And, you know, is this going to be Trump signaling a base strategy for the 2018 midterm elections?

One thing that suggests that maybe that's the case is that his campaign arm sent out

a fundraising letter last night, and it asked people to donate in exchange for having their

names broadcast during a special livestream of the State of the Union.

As you mentioned earlier, the State of the Union is usually a moment for a president

to set an agenda and deliver a lofty plan, not a campaign moment.

And that's a significant shift from that norm.

Yeah, really is.

What - and what about Democrats?

I mean, they'll have the stage tonight, as well.

They will.

Democrats are preparing kind of a blitz of response.

There will be five, and all five of them tell us a lot about how Democrats are positioning

themselves in the opposition of Trump.

Five different responses from Democrats.

Yeah.

So the official one will be Joe Kennedy.

He's a congressman.

And then there will be the Spanish response, which has now become pretty, pretty standard,

and that's going to be Virginia Delegate Elizabeth Guzman.

And she was part of the huge sweep of Democrats that won in Virginia last year.

But from there, all of the addresses get to the left of the center of the Democratic Party.

We're talking about Bernie Sanders, Maxine Waters, who will be delivering an address

on BET, and former Congresswoman Donna Edwards, who will be delivering an address in the progressive

Working Families Party.

All right, NPR's Kelsey Snell setting up the State of the Union tonight.

Kelsey, thanks.

Thank you.

All right, we're going to turn now to Kenya, where an opposition candidate is still refusing

to give up.

Raila Odinga lost two presidential elections.

But he says there was fraud, and to protest, he is now holding his own swearing-in ceremony

today.

Police have been firing tear gas at Odinga's supporters.

OK, NPR's Eyder Peralta is there in Nairobi and joins us.

Hi, Eyder.

Hey, David.

So there's music behind you.

There's activity.

What exactly is happening today?

So today, Raila Odinga has said that he will take the oath of office.

And we have thousands of people gathered at the big city park in Nairobi - Independence

Park in Nairobi.

And just to set up the kind of conflict here, the government has said that if Raila Odinga

takes the oath of office, it is treason, and that is punishable by death.

Wow.

And he says he will go along with this.

And thousands of his supporters have come here to see it.

OK, so there have been two elections.

The Supreme Court has made its decision.

Odinga is not the winner.

Why protest?

And also, why take this risk if you're him, I mean, if you're being threatened with the

death penalty?

Well, you know, what people hear and what he has said is that this president is corrupt,

that he has stolen multiple elections and that he has stoked ethnic divisions.

And they feel marginalized.

And, you know, they believe this is the moment that they've been waiting for since the independence

of Kenya.

They believe that two tribes in this country have dominated the political space and that

it is now time for the other, you know, 30-some tribes to take over.

So that's - you know, they feel marginalized, and they feel like the elections have been

stolen from them.

And that's at the heart of this.

There's a lot of dissatisfaction with the government, and that's what you see manifested

on the streets.

But as you said, this oath will not be legal.

This is a merely symbolic action by Raila Odinga, the opposition leader.

So is it just symbolic, or as you listen to people, do you get the feeling that this could

go on for some time and really divide the country?

I think that's hard to tell because, you know, Kenya has seen lots of political violence

in its history, and it's hard to tell where this goes from here.

And I don't think the people here - the thousands of people gathered here - know the answer

to that.

You know, I think they're also very angry what the government has done today.

They shut down three of the major television stations.

And so they think that they're fighting against a repressive government, they believe.

All right, a tense moment in Kenya.

That's Eyder Peralta reporting for us in Nairobi, where an opposition candidate who has lost

several elections, according to the courts, is saying that he is going to take his own

oath of office, which the government says would be treason.

Eyder, thanks a lot.

We appreciate it.

Thank you, David.

For more infomation >> News Brief January 30, 2018 - Duration: 10:24.

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News Brief January 26, 2018 - Duration: 10:24.

We've got these reports out this morning saying President Trump tried to fire special counsel

Robert Mueller from the Russia investigation.

Here is the story as written by The New York Times.

You will recall the president fired the FBI director last May.

In an interview, he then linked the firing to the Russia investigation, and that led

to the appointment of special counsel Robert Mueller to probe Russia's role in the 2016

election.

Then by June, the president was ready to fire Robert Mueller, too.

He ordered his White House counsel to get it done, but Don McGahn said it was a terrible

idea and said he would resign first.

Again, all that according to a report first in The New York Times, then The Washington

Post.

NPR's justice correspondent Ryan Lucas is in the studio with us this morning.

Also, NPR's White House correspondent Tamara Keith is on the line.

Good morning to you both.

Good morning.

Morning.

All right, Ryan.

Let's start with you.

Tell us what we know.

What did President Trump ask and why?

First off, I have to say that NPR has not confirmed this report, but what The Times

is saying is that as reports started to surface last summer that Mueller was looking at a

potential obstruction of justice case, Trump began to argue internally that the special

counsel had possible conflicts of interest.

There were a number of things that that Trump was looking at.

One would be Mueller's one-time membership at a Trump golf course in north Virginia - Northern

Virginia.

Reportedly, there was a dispute about fees, and Mueller left the club - also Mueller's

connection to a law firm that was representing Trump's son-in-law Jared Kushner.

And then the third kind of big piece here is that he was arguing that because Trump

had interviewed Mueller to possibly replace James Comey...

Right.

...That that presented a third possible conflict of interest.

So just to review - he was saying that Robert Mueller couldn't do his job properly because

there was a spat over golf club fees and that he once represented or worked for a firm that

represented his son-in-law, which would have made him more disposed to being favorable

to him, you would think.

And some of this we know.

Some of this was said.

The complaints were made publicly at the time.

What The New York Times has added here is just that the president tried to act on his

complaints.

That's right.

A lot of these arguments about possible conflict of interest are things that we have heard

from the White House over time.

And so at the center of all this is this question of obstruction of justice.

You say this is when the president really started to wage this personal war against

Robert Mueller because Mueller was seizing on how the president had fired James Comey.

That's right.

A lot of this does go back to the question of Comey's firing and our understanding of

it in the public.

And the timeline is important here.

Remember, Comey was fired on May 9.

Several days later, word leaked out that Trump had asked Comey to lay off Trump's first national

security adviser, Michael Flynn.

Right.

Flynn was under FBI investigation.

That helped prompt the appointment of Mueller.

That was on May 17.

Comey then testifies in early June before Congress, provides all these details under

oath about interactions that he had with President Trump - the requests for loyalty, requests

to have Comey go easy on Flynn.

So by mid-June - mid-June - we're talking three weeks, a month after Mueller was put

in the job - there were already questions publicly about possible obstruction of justice.

All right.

Tamara Keith's on the line, too.

What is the White House saying about these reports this morning, Tamara?

So White House lawyer Ty Cobb has said that they are declining to comment out of respect

for the office of special counsel and its process.

However, President Trump has commented.

He was walking into the World Economic Forum in Davos this morning, surrounded by a massive

scrum of reporters and photographers.

And he was asked about the New York Times report.

Why did you fire Robert Mueller?

Why did you want to fire Robert Mueller?

Fake news, folks.

Fake news.

What's your message today?

Typical New York Times fake stories.

We should say...

We've heard that from him before.

Yeah, we have heard that from him before.

He has called a lot of things fake news that are, in fact, not fake.

He then went on to say that the crowd at Davos was tremendous.

Quote, "It's a crowd like they've never had before at Davos."

We've also heard that from him before at different events.

(Laughter) Biggest crowd in history.

Biggest crowd ever.

Period.

So, Tam...

Yes.

...President Trump has said that he is looking forward to talking to Mueller's team under

oath.

He said this just a couple days ago to reporters, right?

I mean, this was - this is a shift that he, all of a sudden, is game to do this.

How is this latest revelation going to play into that conversation, to that interview?

Well - and so there has - he has been shifting back and forth on this.

He had previously said he would talk to investigators.

Then he said, we'll see.

We'll see.

We don't know.

And now he's saying, I'd love to do it.

But it's up to my lawyers.

And what we know is that his lawyers are in the process of negotiating with Mueller's

team the terms of such a conversation.

You know, the other interesting thing is that, yesterday, early in the day before all of

this came out, Trump's legal team sent me this document that listed all the various

ways that the campaign and the White House have been cooperating with the Mueller investigation,

including turning over thousands of pages of documents that they point out are related

to James Comey and Michael Flynn and also that more than 20 White House personnel, including

eight people from the White House counsel's office, have sat - they say voluntarily - for

interviews with Mueller's team.

Plus, there's this new public line that the White House and President Trump - is just

defending himself, that there's somehow a difference between obstructing the investigation

and just standing up for himself under this pressure.

Right.

President Trump in that meeting with reporters earlier this week says, I'm fighting back,

fighting back.

And now you say it's obstruction.

Right.

So, Ryan, what is this news that - according to The Times, that President Trump tried to

get rid of Robert Mueller - how is that going to change the investigation, if at all?

Well, it doesn't change Robert Mueller's investigation.

This is stuff that Robert Mueller would already know.

Mueller, as Tam said, has interviewed 20 people with ties to the White House.

He's interviewed White House counsel Don McGahn, who is one of the chief players in this story.

Right.

He's interviewed former chief of staff Reince Priebus.

He interviewed Attorney General Jeff Sessions last week.

So Mueller's team is moving ahead methodically.

Regardless.

Right.

And one other thing to keep in mind from this story is it's an example, as reported by The

New York Times, of a presidential staff trying to manage the boss.

And in fairness, it's not the only White House staff ever to try to do this.

But you have Don McGahn saying to the president, I'm not going to do what you want me to do.

And later in the same story, as the president continues getting upset over time, The Times

says the president's lawyers tried to keep Mr. Trump calm by assuring him that the investigation

was close to ending.

Real quick, Tam - president's going to give an address at Davos.

What's he going to say?

So when he's in the United States, he's all about America First.

When he's overseas, it's America First but not alone.

And that's what this speech is going to be.

NPR's Tamara Keith and NPR's Ryan Lucas for us this morning.

Thanks, guys.

You're welcome.

Thank you.

All right.

We're going to remember a moment in the standoff that led to a recent government shutdown.

Many lawmakers, remember, wanted a deal on immigration.

They still do.

But Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell said he couldn't tell what legislation President

Trump would actually support.

Now the White House has specified what it will accept.

The proposal would offer legal status for people brought to the United States illegally

as children.

It would also offer a path to citizenship for up to 1.8 million people who would qualify.

The plan also demands lots and lots of money for a border wall.

NPR's congressional correspondent Susan Davis is here.

Hey, Sue.

Good morning.

What's the opening bid in this plan?

There's four major components to what the White House is seeking.

First is that path to citizenship that would include the 800,000 people in the Deferred

Action for Childhood Arrivals program and everyone that would qualify for that program,

which is how you get to that 1.8 million figure.

Right - because to be a DACA recipient, you had to go through paperwork.

Precisely.

And there's lots of people who didn't.

So this would encompass all of them.

They want $25 billion upfront to build a border wall system.

And they're seeking dramatic reductions to legal immigration, specifically policies that

govern family-based immigration and a diversity visa program that allows slots for up to 50,000

people to come into the country every year.

Do Democrats like this?

Democratic Congressman Luis Gutierrez is a Democrat from Illinois.

He put out a statement in regards to the wall in which he said, it would be far cheaper

to erect a 50-foot concrete statue of a middle finger and point it towards Latin America.

OK.

(Laughter) OK.

Democrats don't like the wall.

They've never liked the wall, but the wall is also something they've been willing to

trade.

The issue that's going to be the hardest piece of this puzzle to solve is the legal immigration

point.

Right.

It's really the killer for Democrats.

I also think it's very important to know that in the context of legal immigration, this

is not a traditional Republican vs. Democrat argument.

In the White House - in calling for dramatic reductions in legal immigration, also goes

against a lot of Republican orthodoxy.

Traditionally, the business community and other allies support legal immigration.

Most mainstream economists say it's beneficial, if not necessary, to U.S. economic growth.

We should also point out that not all Republicans are on board with this idea, too - the idea

of essentially giving what they call amnesty to the so-called DREAMers.

That's - in the Senate, there is a lot of support for what the president has outlined.

The tougher hurdles always have been in the House.

What the Republican leaders in Congress had been asking for is the White House to outline

what they want because in order to get a vote, they really do need Republicans to believe

that this is President Trump's immigration proposal...

Right.

...To win over a lot of those reluctant Republicans.

So what happens now.

What dates do we look forward to here?

The date that the administration is saying is March 5.

That's when he's called for the end of the DACA program.

So they'd like to have something to enact by then.

All right.

NPR's congressional correspondent Susan Davis laying out the White House's new immigration

proposal.

Thanks so much, Sue.

You're welcome.

For more infomation >> News Brief January 26, 2018 - Duration: 10:24.

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Neymar comenta cenas quentes de Bruna Marquezine em novela: 'Está complicado' | FBN Hot News - Duration: 3:49.

For more infomation >> Neymar comenta cenas quentes de Bruna Marquezine em novela: 'Está complicado' | FBN Hot News - Duration: 3:49.

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The Ingraham Angle 02/01/18 2AM | February 01, 2018 Breaking News - Duration: 40:53.

For more infomation >> The Ingraham Angle 02/01/18 2AM | February 01, 2018 Breaking News - Duration: 40:53.

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News Brief January 29, 2018 - Duration: 10:24.

This happens a lot when Congress faces some tricky problem.

A few members form a little bipartisan working group with a catchy name.

That's right, like the Gang of Six.

There was the Gang of Eight - this is how long I've been covering politics - I remember

the Gang of 14, like, more than a decade ago.

Wow.

And some of these gangs were focused on immigration policy.

And here we are with Congress stuck on immigration policy again, and there's another gang.

Yeah.

They're calling themselves the Common Sense Coalition.

This is about two dozen senators who want to reach a deal before a deadline next week.

Meanwhile, President Trump is preparing his State of the Union address for tomorrow night.

And meanwhile that comes after reports that he tried to fire the special counsel, Robert

Mueller, last summer.

This is Senator Lindsey Graham speaking yesterday on ABC News "This Week."

I'm sure that there will be an investigation around whether or not President Trump did

try to fire Mr. Mueller.

We know that he didn't fire Mr. Mueller.

We know that if he tried to, it'd be the end of his presidency.

So at the end of the day, let Mr. Mueller do his job and see if we can fix a broken

immigration system.

OK.

Graham trying to focus on fixing a broken immigration system, but what is that going

to take?

NPR's Domenico Montanaro has been posing that question.

Hey there, Domenico.

Good morning, Steve.

And I have to say, lucky for you this is what I like.

It's what you like?

Oh, a Grammy reference.

That's good.

Politics.

OK, it's politics.

(Unintelligible) just talking about politics, of course.

That's right.

That's right.

OK, immigration, immigration.

The president said the other day, hey, I'm willing to give - and this is focused on people

who were brought to the United States illegally as children - DACA recipients and those eligible

for that status.

Hey, I'm willing to give those folks a path to citizenship, although it would take some

years.

But he also wants lots and lots of money for a wall on the border and limits to legal immigration.

Is that beginning to look like the basis for a deal, Domenico?

Well, it's a basis of what President Trump wants to start as a deal, but frankly, it's

held up right now.

You know, it's safe to say that what the president proposed is not likely to pass Congress.

If something does pass, it will have to be changed and negotiated.

And there are a couple groups that are trying to work with the president or at least work

together to bring something to the president.

You know, those gangs that we mentioned tended to be on the Senate side where people are

a little more bipartisan.

But let me just ask - if anything were to get through the Senate on immigration, are

House Republicans who are - who include many hard-liners on immigration - are they willing

to vote for anything remotely like this?

Well, as you allude to, the Senate has a history of having passed some bipartisan legislation

on immigration in the past.

In 2013, 68 senators voted for a comprehensive overhaul of the immigration - of immigration

in this country.

Of course, it didn't get through the House.

The House does have, you know, a couple of groups that are trying to work together - Will

Hurd from Texas, who has a border of 820 miles in his district - the longest border of any

district in the country - and Pete Aguilar, a Democrat from California, have about 53

co-sponsors for their legislation, which is more narrowly tailored to those DACA recipients

and so-called DREAMers.

Oh, so the question is go big, go narrow, don't go at all.

One other thing, though - we heard Lindsey Graham say of President Trump, if he tried

to fire Mueller, the special counsel, it would be the end of his presidency.

But it would only be the end in the short-term if Congress impeached him.

Are there enough Republicans willing to say they're going to stand up for Robert Mueller

in that way?

Not at this point.

They're even split on whether or not they should pass legislation to protect Mueller.

So it would have to be something catastrophic for the president - for Republicans to really

start to act.

It's really going to depend on the midterms in 2018.

NPR's Domenico Montanaro - Domenico, I'm glad it's what you're like.

Thank you.

Take care.

In Russia, protests took place around the country Sunday.

Thousands marched against what they see as a lack of choice in the upcoming presidential

election.

Yeah.

Alexei Navalny called for these protests, and he's considered one of Russian President

Vladimir Putin's biggest critics.

And during these protests yesterday, Navalny was arrested.

NPR's Lucian Kim is covering this story from Moscow.

Lucian, what is the protesters' objection to the presidential election?

Well, Alexei Navalny was denied registration as a candidate in the presidential election,

and that's why he's calling now for a boycott.

People are - he's saying that by participating, people are basically supporting unfair elections

and that they should simply withdraw that participation.

Lucian, having observed Vladimir Putin for years as you have, is it clear to you that

Putin's goal here would appear to be an election with only one choice or only one real choice

- him?

Well, in some sense, that's what his last two re-election campaigns were like.

There are usually an assortment of familiar faces, most of them not particularly serious

as far as the opposition candidates are concerned.

Vladimir Putin doesn't participate in debates out of principle.

So in some ways, yeah, it's much more like a referendum.

Given this choice, he always, you know, comes out looking like the best - the best candidate.

The best candidate because he's virtually the only candidate.

So this is what Navalny was protesting against.

And we mentioned that almost the moment he showed up at this rally in Moscow he was arrested.

Where is he now?

Well, he was released later Sunday evening, and no charges have been pressed against him

yet, although his lawyer says it's likely he'll be charged later perhaps for organizing

an illegal rally because in Moscow, they had not received permission for this rally.

But I think just almost just as dramatic - David mentioned earlier about it all starting with

sort of building this - building this national campaign, and he used YouTube, and he was

broadcasting - I mean, his people were broadcasting live about the protests.

And police on camera broke into his anti-corruption foundation office.

They said there was a bomb threat and disrupted - tried to disrupt this broadcast.

But they - since this had happened already - since this had already happened once before,

they were broadcasting from an alternative, secret location.

Oh, so they continued to get their message out.

Well that's another bottom-line question.

Despite the restrictions, keeping him out of the media, despite the arrests and other

disruptions of his protests and events, is it your sense that lots of people know who

Navalny is, that his message gets out in a sense?

Well, state media does ignore him, and it's true that Navalny still presents a pretty

narrow demographic - urban, young, educated, middle class.

I think the fear in the Kremlin is that this Navalny movement could begin to snowball since

the economy isn't doing very well and there's a lot of frustration with corruption and simply

the rigid political system.

NPR's Lucian Kim in Moscow, thanks very much.

Thanks, Steve.

A string of recent events underscores that Afghanistan's war remains profoundly serious

and deadly.

Yeah, that is very true.

Both the Taliban and ISIS are carrying out attacks in Afghanistan.

The targets have included a major hotel, also the offices of the aid group Save the Children.

A suicide bombing on Saturday killed more than a hundred people, and today, another

assault.

This is one on a military academy in the capital.

NPR's Diaa Hadid has been monitoring all these attacks from Islamabad, Pakistan.

Hey there, Diaa.

Good morning.

What happened to the military academy?

That's going right at the heart of the security apparatus.

The military academy - so it seems that in the early hours of this morning, ISIS gunmen

and suicide bombers tried to penetrate the academy, and local reporters say they were

stopped at the gate, and there was a gun battle there, and that killed 11 security personnel.

So when you take that attack and you pair it with the other attacks that David mentioned

- and some of them are linked to ISIS, some of them are linked to the Taliban, but they're

happening in this very compressed period of time - what do people think is going on?

So there's a few theories, and one of them is is that people think there's literally

competition between ISIS and the Taliban for followers and for attention.

And the easiest way they can do that is by conducting these large-scale attacks in Kabul.

That's particularly true for the Taliban because over the past few months, it's been ISIS who

was conducting the biggest attacks in Kabul, and it was believed that they were luring

away low-level Taliban to its ranks.

And so part of the Taliban's resurgence now may be a way showing its own followers like,

hey, we're here and we're also doing these things.

So each of these groups is trying to sharpen its brand in Afghanistan.

It's believed to be.

Yeah, it's one of the theories behind why there's been so many attacks in Kabul.

But the other thing is just that there's been so many drone strikes in rural areas, and

it's much easier, unfortunately, to operate in a crowded, urban environment where security

is so much more problematic to deal with.

Remember, the Taliban used an ambulance laden with explosives to detonate in the middle

of a busy street.

That's an incredibly difficult thing to stop.

You just alluded to drone strikes.

You're saying that in a rural area where there aren't as many people, the United States military,

which is assisting Afghanistan, would feel more confident targeting militants.

There might still be a mistake and civilian casualties, but there is a bit of a clearer

shot.

Let me ask about one other aspect of this very quickly, if I can.

The United States has been putting extra pressure on Pakistan to crack down on militants who

may take shelter in Pakistan across the border.

The U.S. even cut off some aid to Pakistan.

How's that working out?

Well, it's - you know, I've been speaking to analysts about this, and they say it's

unlikely to change much about Pakistan's defensive posture.

Analysts here say Pakistan needs some sort of leverage in Afghanistan, however violent.

And this is imbedded in the military structure institutionally, and it might be very hard

to change that.

Afghanistan - leverage in Afghanistan, meaning the Pakistanis want to have militant groups

working for them in Afghanistan, even if it's counterproductive (ph).

Some sort of leverage.

Diaa, thank you very much.

Thank you.

That's NPR's Diaa Hadid in Islamabad.

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