the inquisition the church invented for
save human souls however it ended
producing human suffering
unspeakable the word inquisition
it involves images of torture and cruelty
torture was used simply to
draw concessions among its victims
they include Joan of Arc and Galilean but
we really know what happened and why
what it says is basically everything
that has been signed on the inquisition
it is wrong by default and is wrong
because there was never access to the network
he was hiding behind the inquisition
the Inquisition
Vatican City October 1998 in
a request for an examination of conscience
unprecedented in honor of the jubilee year
2000 Pope John Paul Second
convene a special court of
historians and academics for
hold a symposium about what I have
he himself called a stormy phase in
the history of the church that today
day is known as the inquisition
to help the court in its
investigation the pope announces the
public opening of the archives
secrets of the inquisition
files that had been outside the
reach of academics during almost
24 years old
the pontiff of 79 years of age
thus confronts one of the issues
most crucial in his career
should the catholic church ask
apologies for the sins committed
during the inquisition
the issue is a powder keg of controversy
even among historians
I firmly believe that this apology was
unnecessary because the church was not
responsible for most of the
persecutions and without good we have
had in the European past the church
if you have any responsibility from a
historical point of view outside what
whatever the inquisition did wrong
it can not be said that it was not
responsibility of the papacy all
Academics must face an issue
central and disturbing as could a
institution as the church become
in the instrument through which
they destroyed thousands of human lives
for six centuries
the first answer involves understanding
That there was never a single and almighty
inquisition but rather
independent institutions in spain
portugal and italy what they shared was
a dark and perpetual fear the fear of
religious energy
year 1100 after Christ
the heart of the high middle ages a
fragile alliance of kingdoms and provinces
known as the Holy Roman Empire
occupies much of what we know today
like modern Europe
after the conversion of the emperor
constantino to Christianity and during
almost 800 years
the religion considered once as
an insurgent sect became the
only legal faith penetrating all
levels of social and personal life
POLITICS
European Latin Christianity
they symbolized not only strength
civilizing in a barbarian world but
also the promise of salvation
after death the clergy and the
citizens lived fearful of the hard
God's judgment with
dissidents who dared to challenge
the sacred christian doctrine the church
I have branded these rebels as sinners
NGOs being wrong in relation to
dogma of the church does not make you heretic
because there are many religious dogmas
what turns you into axes that the
ecclesiastical authorities inform you
that you're not right and insist
in your convictions before that authority
the word heresy comes from Latin
Aires is what choice means
around the 12th century heresy charges a
much more threatening meaning is
becomes a deadly danger to the
society and for man in a
betrayal towards their
According to civil law criminals
accused of treason will be punished
with death and their goods will be
confiscated that another reason is necessary
so that those who offended
jesus son of the lord be expelled
of Christian communion and private
your goods or Pope innocent third to
despite the immovable position of the
church to consider this a crime
free thought groups
they continued to emerge and insisting
interpret god in his own way
among these groups were the
Waldensian itinerant preachers who
Rabanne through southern France and the north
of italy living an apostolic
poverty
the attractiveness of the Waldensians seems that
it was his vision of a Christianity
simplified the skill of all
to preach if he had the
spirit inspiration no matter
if he was a cleric, not the church
I insisted that anyone who wanted
dedicate themselves to public preaching
it had to be accredited by the bishop of
his diocese
when the Waldensians refused to leave
to preach the pope looked third
issued an edict known as bull
papal that crossed the movement of
heretic and excommunicated all his
Followers
heresy is contemplated as a
threat to the Christian community was
something that could disturb people and
not only disturbed been that could
alienate the entire society of faith
That's why it was so important to fight against
ella
the Waldensians were soft in
comparison with the most heretics
radicals the Cathars the Cathars
they saw their faith as the only true and
they were completely hostile to
the established church to which
the Cathars considered pernicious
they called their priests perfecti or
good Christians committed to a
life of strict abstinence
priests could not lie blaspheming
eat meat or maintain relationships
sexually accused the church
organized to abuse more and more of their
clerical power the austerity of the
Cathar perfecti seemed in
extremely attractive comparison
in that sense it was a shame
the church that there was a capable group
to really live according to faith
of Christ and his apostles
while the lawyers and
church
as great princes around the
13th century
Europe was a focus of heresy south of
France flourished Catharism the
tension increased until a
katara conspiracy murdered to
papal representative who preached in the
languedoc region in the year one thousand 208
outraged Pope innocent third
claimed a new crusade against
the heretics
what he did was basically ask the
nobility of the north of france that
will move to the south of the country and that
convince the nobles of the region
that did not persecute the Qatar movement
that they did it and that they will propitiate
the right conditions to file a
the Cathars of the rural world
the pope calls this holy war
against his fellow Christians
the Albigensian Crusade in honor of the
French cathedral in the city of Albi
the atrocities that their
crusaders from the north became
legendary the Cathar perfecti
easily identifiable by their
black outfits were killed in the
act the perfect ones and they did not try
hide in part because death
liberated from this terrible material world
in which the petty god had
submerged they had a timid tendency
to martyrdom
however after years of killings the
cunning perfect and decided
get rid of their distinctive attire and
camouflage gradually despite the
celibacy
they even started traveling with women
claiming that they were their wives
Pope innocencio third I went back to
face the same puzzle
principle the goal of the church
spread the salvation of a heretic
dead was only good for the devil
the pontiff in distress considered the
judicial system of the moment
accusatory procedure
forced the injured party to make a
public accusation
if the accuser did not get
prove his case then this was
punished in the same way they opened
punished the accused
this process towards that even those who
they had a real complaint they showed
reluctant to file an accusation
innocence third he realized that
those rules would not work for your
long-term objective in the year 1215
the Pope gathered all the leaders
Christians in the fourth council of
letrán celebrated in roma
innocencio used the encounter to
announce its new rules for the
persecution of heretics and clerics
gone astray the holy inquisition
Had been born
in concept of them is the system of
Inquisition was an innovation
wonderful and quite similar to the
popular court of our system that
emits a probable cause and a
accusation they did not have to prove anything
they just needed to be very clear
get enough evidence that
suggest the guilt of the accused
the inquisitorial process of innocence
third gave the protest to the researcher
to build a complete case pick
hidden the opinions of the people of
the community in 1231 the Gregorian pope
ninth begins a public contest to
the appointment of new agents
special called inquisitors of the
depravity the shaft is the dawn of the
medieval inquisition that starts with
to revenge
the goal of the inquisition is to finish
with energy and do away with energy
means to end the seremis the pope
inocencio third failed in his attempt
to remove the sect catalogs more
mighty south of france
however in 1231 his successor the pope
Gregory ninth stretch to plan
dump all the power of the new system
legal of the inquisition against them
the pope appointed many priests and
inquisitive friars and sent them to
Germanic and French lands so that
put an end to religious criminals
the heretics who refused to recant
their beliefs and they continued to practice
they were burned at the stake
if the heretics failed and they go to
hell
the goal of all this was to save
as many people as possible but
you had to do certain things and you
they wanted to save many lives
Pope Gregory soon realized
that you will find a good inquisitor
very difficult to diagnose.
the most enthusiastic were often
out of control freaks
conrad by marc burch the most famous of
the first inquisitors convinced
Gregory ninth that there was
discovered a German secret sect
called the Luciferians the modus
operandi of conrad consisted of
recruit a lynch mob
arrest the supposed heretics and
offer them two options to retract
make videos
historians would discover more
forward that the Luciferians were pure
fiction an obsessive invention that
conrad created to impress the pope the
papal inquisitor of northern France not
it was better a cold made of
name Robert Lebu - who cornered
groups of alleged heretics and celebrated
resounding public trials in a
devastating event 183 Cathars were
interrogated sentenced and burned
alive in a single day
after years of protest by the
French bishops
the dad finally realized that
Robert was a dangerous extremist
what removed him from his position and what
imprison
something had to be done and there had to be
someone better to do it than these
Individuals of votes though
extremely incompetent and
dangerous
this was the time when Gregory
ninth was set in the Dominicans
founded by holy Sunday in 1216 the
Dominican order was qualified to
perform inquisitor's work
educated as theologians the Dominicans
they were used to life on the street
and preach against heresy to
mid-12th century Gregory Ninth
ordered four dozen inquisitors
Dominicans who will seek and prosecute
to the Cathars, the Waldensians and the
other heretical groups
the pontiff announced officially
to his bishops the arrival of the
Inquisitors to the villages and towns of
France Italy Germany and Spain
We order that you received kindly and
to be treated with honor by giving them
good advice and help and support of such
so that they can perform the task that
you have been entrusted to them
in this ninth Gregory letter I asked
your bishops much more than simple
hospitality in your search for heretics
the papal inquisitors needed
rely on internal information rumors
and other gossip collected thanks to
an informal network of clerics
informers who work as spies
today's plan probably his best
eyes and his best ear in the rural world
they were those of the parochial clergy since
this one lived in the villages had
relatives in them therefore
he was attentive to local gossip
in their forays along the
geography the inquisitors came to
a town usually accompanied by a
notary or clerk to document the
procedure or sometimes a
servant or a bodyguard
then the pastor gathered the
inhabitants of the village so that
they will hear the visitor preach about
the sins and dangers of the
heresy
once the finished sermon
Inquisitor announced a period of
grace during which anyone who
I would have committed heresy
confess your sins in exchange for
I treated clemente those who feared to be
accused had not committed heresy and
they had remorse of conscience
they had to act during the period of
grace because if they confessed it later
of said period
that is, after a
research on them
the confession was not considered so
sincere as if they had done it
during the grace period is a
weeks later the inquisitor
announced the end of the grace period
moment in which the phase began
most ominous of the edict of faith
From that moment on, any accused person
I became a victim of
interrogations or arrests and since the
information was always given in secret
the inquisitor encouraged all the good
citizens to report to any
neighbor that they believed could be the
axis the objective of the inquisitions
generals of the edicts of grace and
edicts of faith was to get him to enter
and as many people as possible
from the inquisitor's office and for that
they used fear terror and
own interest
the inquisitor must have at least two
incriminating testimonies before
to be able to keep going
Sometimes the victims of
investigation they did not know they were
suspects until the day that they
called during the procedure
inquisitorial most tests
they were collected before you had
awareness that there was a
investigation in progress when
they reported the investigation and the
had finished remove differently than
current system
aware of the danger of
false or malicious accusations
Inquisitors tried to differentiate the
lies of truth when they did
bring a defender to the stand
the first time they made him name everyone
your enemies
if any of those names matched
any of the names on the list of
witnesses the inquisitor had to
dismiss testimony
however the legal protections are
they end here
the defendant never got to know the
name of those who turned on neither
the reasons for which I was accused
It was very complicated to prove your
innocence eleven accused by the
inquisitors
even the suspects who confessed
having committed heresy could not
reconcile with the church until
give names and information of others
supposed heretics and hindered the
investigation were risking
jail sentences and third all
their properties if they did not cooperate
Inquisitors could reduce their ration
of food and chained to the wall by
both the main method for
getting people to confess was
just lock them up for long
periods of time and leave them
reflect
how the inquisitors arrived
work so secretly have survived
some practical manuals giving us
a fascinating approach to that
period
one of them called conduct of
interrogation related to
depravity I chose was written by a
retired inquisitor bernard king iii in
the year one thousand 324 gee whose exploits
inspired the historical novel in the
name of the rose offers dozens of
investigations in which it collects
seventeen years of experiences of
first hand in what he calls his
crusade against heresy
the goal of the inquisition is to finish
with the energy and to end the
Energy
we must put an end to heretics bernard
king and 1324 the inquisitors were
they really considered an organization
of combat were remove aware of
that there were heretics and supporters
everywhere and they were very motivated
to get rid of them
in one thousand 376 the inquisitor nicolás
aymerich de aragón wrote the book
inquisitorial directory on it
I described tenacity and commitment
that he must have an inquisitor of the
14th and 15th centuries and it even included a
practical list of smart tricks
used to deceive the
suspects to confess new
one of the tricks that amazed me was the
to sit with a habitat and the
small knees and look at her and
check the while the person gives his
testimony then at some point you say
not what you are saying can not be
truth
it is very clear that you are not
telling the truth and then the
suspect under interrogation
think that what you have is the
statement from another person when in
actually you only have one vellum in
white to the inquisitors were
highly motivated to get to the
true as it was and if it was necessary
trample some rights of the
accused was in the name of the
there is another spooky aspect
in the work of the inquisitor the torture
in the middle ages it was considered a
acceptable method for the detection of
lies whenever there were reasons
enough to justify when used
in the 20th century when we talk about
torture we think about physical violence
to force people to say the
truth
back then it was a
method to find out if the defendant
I was telling the truth
america nacho and this was the role
initial torture was an instrument
legal that came into play in a moment
given the case and under some circumstances
very specific before 1,252 the
church forbade the inquisitors that
they use torture in their
investigations but after the murder
of the Inquisitor Pedro Martyr in
Lombardy at the hands of the Cathars
Innocent Pope Fourth opened his head and
I have let anti methods we did in
special torture will enter the
fight against heresy
e
the officer or parish priest
all the heretics capture a
confession through torture then of
fact they are all thieves and murderers of
souls pope incense therefore therefore
torture was not something invented by the
inquisitors
in this case, only the
laws of the law torture is
I have assigned two types of prisoners
who refused to retract and those who
they seemed to know more than they counted
the inquisitors chose the technique
of torture but they left work in
hands of professional torturers
experts in causing pain to start
should describe the torture the person
then they had to show the instruments
of torture to the accused and after giving three
or four steps like these
the defendant suffered some of those
methods of torture
However said defendant could say
at any time I had had
enough the extra for was was one of
the most popular methods of torture
in the middle ages and the renaissance the
The defendant's hands were tied to the
back and a rope that was hanging from
to beam on the roof in some
Sometimes weights were added to the feet
of the victim eleven hoisted it was lowered
the prisoner and he was getting up again
at a stretch or it was shaken
violently the screwdrivers of
legs are the presses of pimples
they were mechanically more instruments
sophisticated to cause pain with each
turn of sharper screw became
the pressure on the legs of
prisoner in the middle of all this
mutilation was the notary's
inquisitor pointing with care and
fidelity
the events of the session ready
to write down the confession as soon as
produced the clergy justified all this
as an act of benevolence
after all, if the torture led to
the confession the injurer could
finally reconciled with god and
receive the jungle
so the confession was made during
torture the process consisted of
free the defendant from the instruments
of torture and allow it to recover
then the question was repeated for
check if the defendant had only been
let be carried away by the fear of pain or if
I really had told the truth with
all those techniques at your disposal
it is not surprising that the
Inquisitors were convincing in almost
90% of cases could heresy
is really so widespread or were the
Inquisitors who used their power
to scare people and force them to
make confessions fans
in my opinion one of the biggest
problems when working with the
Inquiry reports is
determine to what extent we can
believe nothing of what is written in
them because the inquisitors if I wanted
could confess almost everything to
anyone but for the guilty of
heresy the most feared was the day of the
you could not do anything to escape
of them because they were forced to
run this during the 13th and 14th centuries
the inquisitors Pope followed their
road through southern europe
collecting accusations and investigations
of heretics
These priests looked like soldiers
frontline of god at war by
the salvation of souls but they left
behind a battlefield full of
low the inquisition scared the
citizens and forced them to betray
your friends and neighbors destroying
families and converting communities
peaceful in a factory of lies and
suspicions
throughout the sacred empire
Roman and the kingdoms and principalities of
europe
citizens expected the sermon
generalis or the trial of the process
inquisitorial punishments or penances
and they go from the public photo to the
imprisonment or jobs
forced people were often forced
convicts to wear distinctive clothes for
make public his shame
the usual thing is that they will carry a cross
yellow his clothes one in the part
front and one on the back and had
to take her whenever they went to the
street could not hide them with anything and
if they fell they were supposed to
replace those that were marked with the
Yellow cross became outcasts
of the community but his destiny was
clement compared to penances
suffered by the recidivist heretics is
say those who retracted and then
they returned to their old ways their
punishment was the execution the right
canon however he forbade the
members of the clergy participate in
any blood trial so
the inquisitors delivered to the
heretics condemned to the authorities
civilians the inquisitors shed
some crocodile tears and they said
some words with the hope that
the civil authorities will show
clemency with those people
however, his greatest wish was that the
condemned to the stake
when the inquisition delivers to the
guilty of power to the civil power
the magistrate of the city should
take care of them on the spot and in
a maximum period of five days
must execute the laws made against
they papa inocencio fourth thousand 252
Once the trial is complete we will be
generalis secular authorities
escorted the condemned to a
location away from the streets of
C
there they tied them to wooden stakes
propped up on tons of firewood
Inquisitors never went to these
executions you are allowed to do the
last confession to a priest if
I want to see her, however, since
I was in the custody of the secular power
you could not do anything to get away from
them because they were forced to
execute you burn at the stake is a
of the death sentences more
horrible that you can imagine the
flames could take hours to consume
completely to the condemned and the victim
he was in luck or his relatives were
sufficiently influential among the
firewood was placed a lot of wet wood
so that it will generate a lot of smoke
death by suffocation was preferable to
the agony of burning alive
not even death could free you
from the clutches of the inquisition in
occasions people who had died
years ago they received accusations post
mortem were condemned for heresy were
they took out their graves and threw their
remains to the bonfire
unfortunately for the family of
deceased the worst was yet to eat
the civil authorities confiscated
automatically all the properties
of deceased heretics leaving
helpless to their wives and children without
import your religious loyalty the morning
following an execution often
attracted collectors of
relics scavengers that came with
sacks to sweep the ashes in search of
pieces of corpses in most
the cases were not about
Necrophages or crazy
it was usually those who believed that
those who died executed were
martyrs and deserved to be venerated type
many people thought that heretics were
good Christians and the inquisitors
evil people so you could give yourself a
counterattack
the 14th century witnessed the most
the highlight of the campaign
inquisition
thanks to his immense power the church
I have treasured with the same
hardness even against their own ranges
when a group of Franciscans decided
disengage from the order and call
themselves spiritual Franciscans
Pope John 22 accused them of abandoning
the ideals of its founder san francisco
of assisi and ordered the inquisition to
will kill them
after burning at the stake four
spiritual Franciscan leaders in
Marseille the year thousand 317 most of
the remaining rebels returned to the
order originates during the 150 years of
the papal inquisition of ninth Gregory
the main heretical movements the
Cathari and the Waldensians were
virtually settled in europe
western
by reducing the number of heretics
it seemed that the inquisition would end
disappearing completely
however the business of hunting and
the punishment of witches resurrected the
process with a revenge during the
14th century was considered heresy put
that was believed to get powers
The sorcerer had to renounce god and
his baptism is to say that he should break
to contract and render some kind of
homage to the devil to be able to get
those powers the devil never gives anything to
change nothing
corrupted politics the first
cases of witchcraft in 1307 france is
I was almost bankrupt after a
series of war failures his king felipe
the beautiful envied the riches and
properties that the knights owned
Templars an order of powerful monks
warriors that was formed during the
first crusade to holy land the king
felipe falsely accused them of
witchcraft and during the seven years
following were tortured and imprisoned
or burned thousands at the stake
Templars throughout Europe
no modern historian believes that the
Templars were objectively
guilty of the charges that are
imputed sodomy adoration to the devil
energy etcetera etcetera
in my opinion this was a true
cynical manipulation of the process by
part of felipe the beautiful and supposes one
of the most horrifying examples of
how far they could get to
pervert the procedures
inquisitorial
a century later after his triumph over
The English in Orleans Joan of Arc
she was captured and imprisoned for her
enemies that had their growing power
she was handed over to the court
inquisitorial organism they used
as an instrument against them
they accused Juan defended that the
voices that she considered her
inspiration
they were the voices of the devil and that their
premonitions were witchcraft john was
condemned and died in vehement agony
the new witchcraft energy
diabolical seemed very dangerous so much
for the inquisition as for the
civil authorities and spawned the
most relevant practical manual
influential of all published in 1486
evil eus maleficarum or the hammer of
Witches provided theological support
legal advice and various techniques for
accuse torture and sentence the
witches it is an infamous document
since it creates the archetypal image
of the witch woman
Besides being one of the works of all
the literary world that shows more
openly his misogyny when a
woman thinks for herself just think
in bad things as they are weaker than
body and soul is not surprising
that can succumb to the spell of the
witchcraft all witchcraft comes from the
carnal lust that in women is
insatiable mal eus maleficarum the
history has shown that one of the
authors of mahle euros maleficarum a
inquisitor named jaime ruiz kramer
I had some problems controlling
his own insatiable carnal lust
in the audio 1485 Kramer was accused of
carry out an inquisition in the
innsbruck region what is now
austria the same one looked for the problems
because most of those questioned
they were women and the questions had
relationship with their sexual activities
alarmed by the manifest obsession
Kramer's sexual order the bishop ordered that
dismissed a link and yes
and that they will release their prisoners
two years later appeared wrong euros
maleficent was born from the frustration of
kramer for the experience of innsbruck and
of the furious misogyny I suffered
for the next 200 years the evil
Eus maleficarum became a best
seller and came to be published in
four different languages
was destined to become the
main source of inspiration for the
lay Catholic witch hunters and
Protestants that would terrorize Europe
and North America during the 17th and
18
during the 15th century without a new
policy or position on the part of the
papacy the inquisition began to
fade little by little usually
the inquisitorial courts are
they kept active I'm just a
Inquisitor in particular wanted to follow
chasing the energy if I did not want
nothing was happening and that's how the
courts were losing strength
however in Spain the cunning
king's policy and the devotion of the
Queen seized the process
inquisitory and they made their scary
power will fall on his own people
the number of people who burned
alive in the same bonfire was astonishing
even by current standards the
situation of European Jews
during the medieval period it was always
desperate
expelled from one nation after another to
from the fourth century some
finally settled in Spain
they thrived living and working in
relative harmony with both Muslims
as with Christians but at the end of
14th century a series of problems
economic and social uprisings
aroused old prejudices in the
1680 and 1390 riots
against the Jews provoked the
Synagogue fire and the murder of
thousands of Jews
the solution of the authorities
Spanish was to expel from the country to
all Jews who did not convert
to Christianity
many decided to leave other without
However, tired of a persecution without
e
they chose to abandon the religion of
your ancestors to be able to stay in
Espana
the mass conversion of the Jews the
year thousand 391 in Spain is almost unique
in Jewish history in very few
occasions had been achieved that
so many Jews converted to it
time together with their rabbis and their
riches
this reduced in large numbers the
population of Jews in Spain
at least in part to his old ethics
cultural of schooling and effort
CONTINUOUS /
these new Christians called
converts prospered during the
how many Jews would have
been illegal that certain
jobs or that will occupy certain
positions in government
However as Christians the
possibilities abounded from the
beginnings of the conversion history
of the Jews we have converts
bishops with seeing their ministers with verses
financial leaders we have converts
occupying the most important
exhibitions of the Christian society
because that was the advantage of becoming
and this was precisely what I could
originate the objections of the others
Christians who were suspicious of the growing
relevance of those people
had been Jewish
only a few generations
of the catholic church of spain
they started to accuse these new
Christians to secretly practice
Jewish religion while they kept a
appropriately Christian facade
this Jewish and Zante phenomenon was in
part true since some
conversos
Although they proclaimed themselves Christians
They maintained customs that had
inherited from their predecessors
bou the dimension of the call
judicial activity before was more than
cultural character that religious
in other words they performed certain
things that their parents and grandparents
they had done and where they did not see
nothing particularly bad like turning on
candles on Saturday many of them create
that lighting candles on Saturday did not have
nothing inherently conflicting with the
Catholicism and its condition of
baptized Christians too
it meant that if you guessed
any way that fell on the
Judaism could be accused of
heresy
it was precisely this tragic irony
the one that led them towards their destruction
with the marriage in 1469 of fernando de
Aragón and Isabella de Castilla joined
the two most powerful kingdoms of the
the Iberian Peninsula.
The Dominican Advisors of Isabel
they soon convinced her that the
judicial activity before supposed to
deadly threat to Catholicism in
Spain and that an inquisition could
be the only solution if the clergy
asked for an inquisition was not only
because they were fanatics but because
they knew perfectly well that behind
they had many followers very
faithful who were aware of the
problem as perceived by the king
fernando astute political strategist saw
that an alliance with the Catholic Church
could benefit Spain in many
senses
apparently fernando had others
plans in mind to seize the
riches of the converts there were great
amounts of money waiting
locked in the chests of the
powerful merchant converts and
noble and fernando was proposed to take control of
them and got it
the first step of King Ferdinand was
get in touch with him to
express your concern for the
Jewish problem in Spain is huge
harm that Christians suffer with the
contact the relations and the
communication with the Jews that
they always try one way or another
seduce the loyal Christians and
remove them from our holy catholic faith
fernando the catholic
under the pressure of the insistent king
Spanish the sixth Pope Pope issued
a papal bull that established a
inquisition to eradicate the
depravity and leave in Spain and I was going
directed to the Jewish converts
this new Spanish inquisition was
something completely different from all
other inquisitorial courts
previous its rules will ensure that
King Ferdinand III not the Pope
I have controlled each and every one of the
aspects of their activities
the highest court called the
supreme consisted of six or seven
Menfully appointed by the
king
only one member the general inquisitor
was officially appointed by the pope and
still this one had to have been
named before by fernando although os
like the inquisitor's title we are
and the queen who we have named and
if our support very little can lead to
Cape King Fernando
this means that the state starts already
to the Spanish Inquisition to have
certain power of control over the
("Institución").
this was not in the middle ages
no it was not on February 6 of thousand 481 it
celebrated the first auto de fe in Seville
in this act that would become the
symbol of the Spanish Inquisition a
hundreds of men and women with verses
they were accused of practicing
secretly the Jewish religion and
judged before the church
six of them paid the highest
price were burned at the stake in
half of the author always held a
ceremony the Dominicans chose their
better speakers those who had the voice
stronger and sometimes the sermons
they lasted half an hour to two hours
participants will be stripped of all
dignity was affected to the head
They undressed women and men
I have shaved his beard to men in
Espana
the ability of a man resided in his
beard so oil was the result
very unpleasant
the idea of the ceremony was to humiliate
the penitents and will show the
congregation what was the punishment for
commit energy even those that do not
they had received a lot of education or not
they were interested in the subtleties
theological or very sure of the creeds
and the prayers they recited knew
perfectly what happened in each
moment in a car of faith
it was a scary spectacle
goal was to put some limits on the
mind of the people about what
they could say think and believe
during the first year since its
establishment 1,500 accused converts
of Judaism were judged and others
hundreds sentenced to death
the amount of people who burned
in the same bonfire it was amazing even
for current standards it
They burned 28 people at once
on another occasion 70 people and in the
major autonomous celebrated burned
109 people in the same bonfire
difference from the medieval heretics that
they dared to preach their ideas in
public the secret Judaism was by
definition a clandestine activity
That took place behind closed doors
the neighbors could say that they had
seen an individual read a book that
I was probably Jewish only for the
Fact of seeing someone looking at a book
small that could be the book of the
hours or they could say that they had heard
someone whisper a prayer that
sure it was Jewish so turn on
candles take a bath wash clothes
try to prepare and eat meat in day of
fish as they could be on Fridays
are on wednesday could cause you
big problems if your neighbors are
they noticed and you had a bad relationship with
them the accusations caused more
accusations
some converts dilated themselves
themselves in the hope of cleaning their
history and thus frustrate the attack of
your enemies
however, you could only get
a clement penance if a
complete confession and that meant
give the names of partners will be the
only way to escape from all that was
choose names of other people from the
community
This is very reminiscent of the United States
of the 50s and the red panic that
caused the creation of the committee on
anti-American activities was here
where so many tragedies
innocent people of all charges
could under torture and death penalty
have given name without thinking only to
be released
if we consider fernando and isabel as
architects of the Spanish Inquisition
your contractor was undoubtedly tomás of
torquemada the first inquisitor general
from 1492 led redoubt
meticulously and systematically rules that
we still keep on paper to guide
to the inquisitors including the most
minimum detail about what they owed
they should not do and as a consequence
we can consider him the founder of the
inquisition
there is no doubt that torquemada
I have presided over the inquisition during his
most bloodthirsty period and that I exercised
much influence on the agreement to
Although he has been portrayed of all
modes from a crazy and notifier to
sinister monk and obsessed by the
gender
historians know very little about
boudou was the typical fanatic theologian
I said antisemite alive and
extremely hostile to converts
He was a man who concentrated all that
intolerance and ferocity so
characteristic of the first
inquisitors that you criticized today in
Table 2
we can agree or disagree with him on
that the Jewish converts should be
persecuted and condemned but in my
DIAGNOSI
torquemada insisted on lot on the rules
of correct procedure for the
inquisitorial system
However, it is estimated that during
20 years of torquemada mandate as
general inquisitor 2,000 people
they lost their lives and thousands more were
punished
To this was added to a crazy plot of
murder that sealed the fate of the
Jewish converts and assured the
role of the inquisition in Spain
during the next 200 years the
Jews did not earn anything turned the
social situation did not change in any
So nervous!
it could only get worse for the people of
July origin
five years after his birth the
Inquisition was in full
Shape
earning his fearsome press
reputation the Spanish converts the
Jews converted to Catholicism
they could go anywhere in search of
of Justice
both the church and the authorities
civilians followed the same logic
overwhelming
all the converts who shunned the
Inquisition were guilty by default
everyone who took the step and
they dilated themselves they were since
admitted guilty and all those
who were judged and sentenced were
obviously guilty the
interim procedures of the court of
the inquisition were kept private
and the reports were protected
carefully even from the crown
When the Spanish Inquisition remained
someone that person simply
disappeared in jail until the
Inquisition finished with her
family and friends who gave the
wait full of worry and without
Be able to help the Spanish
they turned this fact into a true
fetish the secret
I mean, this was one of his
fundamental principles the belief of
that the prestige of the institution
dependent large capacity
of keeping secrecy intact for
the accused
the surreal nature and almost
arbitrary process generated terror
there was no judgment was rather
hearings after which the prisoner
he returned to his cell
after all the suffering that
it could go on for weeks or
months.
the defendant might not get to know the
that he was accused of being
constantly demanded sometimes under
death threats that I confessed to
that the defendant had to invent
explanations without knowing the nature of
the complaint that had been filed
against the car not in a fact and this to
often led to mass incarceration
of prisoners who refused to confess
because they believed that he had nothing
confess and they are probably right
on September 15, thousand 485 some
furious converts decided to take the
justice by his hand as inquisitor
Pedro Arbués knelt in front of the
altar of the cathedral of zaragoza 8
assassins attacked with knives
Argüelles died the next day and
with him the hope of all
Spanish converts for the unhappy
plot made the Jews lose
public sympathy forever and
guaranteed the Inquisition a place in
Spanish society during the
future generations
among academics there is a question
obvious that you have generated more debate than
any other practice they really go
the converts Judaism in secret or
they were just scapegoats
intolerance the problem from a
technical point of view is that the only
source of information that we have for
answer this question come from
Holy office
consequently the subject to be discussed is
we must totally believe in the brothers
of the holy office that investigated the
conversos or we should think that it was
basically a big fraud
exaggeration based on false
- {0}About Us{/0}
at the request of the general inquisitor
torquemada in March 1492
the king fernando iii got another edict
of expulsion was given to the Jews
four months to accept baptism or
leave Spain during the months
f
almost half of the Jewish population of
Spain some 40,000 people left
el país
the others stayed and they became
to Christianity is simply fell
in the same trap I had understood
his Jewish ancestors towards 100
5 años
therefore the Jews did not gain anything
becoming the social situation not
changed in any way
it could only get worse for the people of
Jewish origin do not cry to yours
departure, you have to see
your own death of a sip
while we have to stay
back among these evil people
receiving death from them every day
juan de león Jewish Spanish conversed
in 1499 the expulsion order was
expands to include all
Muslims not translated from Spain
during the next 25 years a
series of rebellions expulsions and
forced baptisms generate another class
social of new converts to
Christianity the Moriscos
what we have here is the same
scenario that of the converts to
group of people who belonged to another
subject and another religion and that
now they were theoretically Christian
this was a situation has made
as the inquisition used to
to remove Muslims and make them
practice Christianity the
Moorish persecutions tripled
for the next hundred years
However, these could not or could not
they wanted to adapt
finally in 1609 the authorities
Spanish decided that the Moriscos
they were impossible to convert and the
I have expelled everyone
the obvious by the Spanish Inquisition
it was so intense among Muslims
as among the Jews in their attempt to
keep Catholicism as the only
religion of spain the inquisition
Spanish imprisoned citizens
innocents confiscated properties
destroyed families and sent thousands of
people to death what did not use
very often according to historians is
what has made torture so famous
one of the things that have been
affirm with security thanks to
recent study of the inquisition is
that torture was used very few
occasions in said institution
torture was used only and
exclusively to draw the
confession and once he had
got the torture stopped the
inquisitors infuriated their
subordinates tortured individuals
too old too sick
lepers or supposedly mentally ill
they did not want to torture to be
Child
but it does not matter the infrequency of
use the inquisition had rules
concise on how to torture
the prisoners were women
men were stripped only they were
I have covered his private parts
not all the clergy of then practiced
celibacy and all those who
practiced were not able to
contemplate a scene of these
characteristics again and again without
feel the slightest outburst of
sadism or sexual satisfaction say that
this could go on for centuries
is not to understand at all the
nature of human sexuality the
garrucha modernized version of the
extra for medieval lady became
in the most common torture method
foal
probably the instrument of torture
most famous of all
It was also very effective although I had
Some inconvenients
its use could not be prolonged by one of
The vital rules of torture was that
the inquisition could not spill
blood was poured a drop of blood and
the torture had to be suspended they touch it or
torture with water became the
favorite of Spanish inquisitors
during the terrible suffering the mouth
of the prisoner was kept open to the
force and a piece of
clothes down the throat
then water was poured down the throat
so that the piece of clothing
soaked and provoked the prisoner
violent spasms during
Spanish Inquisition
torture could not be applied more than
three times and never for more than 15
30 minutos
the affirmations made by the
prisoners were not legal
unless they ratified it 24 hours
then away from the torture room
there were inquisitors who broke the
rules although they did it out of ignorance
more than malice
the good judge must ignore
the cries crying sighs tremors or
of the accused's pain and all torture
must be done with such care that the
accused do not go crazy I stayed
injured injured or unduly injured
anguished lleida münder eyewitness
of the tortures they were asked to
follow the rules of the book that was
ALL
I have not found sincerely
too many indications that they would break
those rules
I mean, maybe they were more
willing to follow the procedures
that the policemen of today
Spanish Inquisition made some
innovations in the area of punishment the
yellow cross worn by heretics
medieval in their clothes
evolved into an outfit called san
Benedict
These clothes were to be dressed in the
judgment known as the auto of faith or
act of faith and then above the clothes
street
while the penance lasted
the people who went down the street were
objective of all kinds of comments
sarcastic children threw them
stones all this made it very difficult
Be able to make a living
not even death released the
heretic of shame the habit with
the one who buried the deceased was
hung in the parish of the place for
remember everyone in the city
that that person and his family were
related to energy
death and humiliation were not the
unique pitfalls of the inquisition one
of his most feared punishments was
become a slave in the galleys
Spanish
it is believed that this punishment was
of the very King Ferdinand he had not
nothing to do with religion the
energy or anything else but the
King Ferdinand realized that a lot of
these people were being punished with
utterly useless sorrows and thought good
idea why we do not use these people
because I need rowers my boats
after death will be sent to
the galleys was the punishment of the
most feared Spanish inquisition
I can not imagine anything worse than being
slave in the galleys I almost
I would prefer that they burn me at least
it would end quickly during the expulsion
of the year 1492 thousands of Jews crossed
the border with Portugal thickening
there the Jewish population and reviving
old racial tensions because of the
riots leading Jews
Portuguese were forced to
convert to Christianity and in 1532
King John the third insisted that
Portugal had its own inquisition
for 10 years the rich converts
Portuguese used all forms
of possible persuasion including huge
bribes to convince the pope that
will not institute an inquisition in your
new sanctuary many converts
Spaniards left for Portugal and
made soon outnumbered the
Portuguese community said converts
they believed that in Portugal they would be
except until evidently the
Portuguese set up their own
inquisition and everything changed the
Portuguese inquisition was put to
work immediately with the
suspicious of always between 1547 and 1580
34 autos de fe were celebrated in portugal
with almost 2,000 penitents and 169
executions
the persecutions were so lethal that
the converts most of whom
they had barely emigrated to Portugal from
Spain has decided to return to its land
natal and face what seemed like the
Lesser evil of the two evil
institutions after the military conquest
Spanish of the Aztec Empire in 1521 by
Hernán Cortés The Converts
Portuguese and Spanish soon
they emigrated to the americas in search of a
new beginning
but the Spanish Inquisition
followed closely and started
investigations in the newly founded
city of mexico in 1528 the conversos
Spaniards were burned at the stake
after the first auto de fe celebrated in
lands of the new world
the first waves of priests
Spaniards also considered their
must guide the American population
away from their pagan beliefs and
help them adopt Christianity
back to period
optimistic about what was believed to
extended conversion the second
generation of Spanish prelates in the
new world began to have doubts about
if the Indians were still the
hidden after being baptized
just as it was believed that the
converts were still Jews after
baptism against politics
strict and reluctant applied to both
Jews as for Muslims in Spain
the supreme finally decided that the
Indians were simply unable to
assimilate Christian beliefs and that
So they were beyond the reach of
the conversion
however, the inquisition soon
would face its biggest enemy the axis
of all times
Protestantism and sometimes even
they were tortured by the inquisition what
That seems very fair but they were
protestants and was an easy prey of
ghetto
at the same time as the inquisitions
Spanish and Portuguese auctioned their
scourge against Muslims and
Jewish heretics
Another threat appeared on the scene in 1517
a German priest named martín
Luther left his famous treaty the 95
Thesis at the doors of the church of
witten berk it was an attack
collection of the Catholic Church is not
true that under the vast sky there is no
nothing more corrupt more pestilent and
more hateful than the court of Rome in the
That once had the keys of heaven
now it's kind of an open mouth
to hell Martin Luther
the charismatic protest of the uterus
evolved into a
authentic religious revolution
the reform movement shook
All Europe
around the year 1550 the crowns of
denmark norway sweden and finland and
they had embraced the new religion
called Protestantism the Pope was
furious the way in which I have
contemplated from the United States the
Soviet threat of the 50s and 60s
would be very similar to the way in which
roma at that time contemplated the
threatens to process you with your busy
ports and its extensive European network of
commerce
it was only a matter of time before
Protestant ideas will begin to travel
towards the Catholic Spain in 1577 two
independent groups of wealthy
converted Protestants were
discovered and arrested in Seville and
in Valladolid
these final arrests is 1,550
they were terrible for the administration
inquisitorial and for the royal government
since many of the suspects
they occupied high positions in the bureaucracy
governmental
the discovery of two organizations
Protestants in two of the biggest
cities of spain caused waves of
Panic throughout the Catholic country
the spanish king carlos fifth he had
dedicated the last 30 years to the
fight against Protestantism in
Germany sueded a quick purge and
ruthless his ally in Rome the pope
fourth pablo overturned all the power of the
church in the attack against the
Protestantism and issued to papal bull
unprecedented in which allowed the
santa spanish office efe cútar a los
offenders who committed to crime for
first time and even to those who
I regret
According to my knowledge this is the
only once in the history of the
Roman Spanish Inquisitions or
Portuguese in which the defendants who
first time admitted to be
repentant of their doctrinal errors
they were equally condemned to death
the fever of anti-Protestantism arrived
to all the big cities of Spain
they were burned at the bonfire priests
nuns English soldiers and even three
children who died together with their mothers
in little more than three years after the
discovery of Protestants in
Spain Protestantism had
completely removed the version never
has reappeared in Spain is characterized
for not having Protestants
the bloody attack on the Protestants
between the years 559 thousand 562 also
marked the most critical point of the
self-of-faith ceremony in terms of
assistance pomposity and pure theatricality
anticipating the trials of hundreds
of heretic Protestants the Inquisitor
General Fernando Valdés
deliberately modernize the auto of faith
grandiloquently the costs
they increased astronomically they took to
Inquisitorial Court to Bankruptcy
so they had to reduce
members and they started piling up
prisoners to get a car
really good and have enough people
to burn in ceremonies Spain
systematically removed all
protestants
however the inquisitors
they remained alert to any
heresy threat from abroad throughout
of the 16th century Protestant travelers
That came to Spain even
foreign dignitaries fell in the
merciless claws of the inquisition the
Inquisition arrested sailors and
foreign merchants sometimes
I have tortured them what is
very fair but they were Protestant and it was
an easy prey
While Spain seemed to have
triumphed before Protestantism could not
do nothing before the effects of another of
the German inventions the printing press
towards the end of the 16th century books and
pamphlets written by victims of the
Spanish Inquisition revived the
important business leaders
protestants who aspired to put the
world against catholic spain
they exploited these horrible stories of
tortures incarceration and death
the strings that were small in size
they were tied to the prisoner's bones
piercing the flesh and causing
the blood will bubble for eight points
different at the same time
while the prisoner resisted
make any confession about what
that the inquisitors asked him
they pulled the strings this way
four successive times John Fox the book
of the martyrs
the bad publicity of the inquisition not
it was the only scandal to which
faced the catholic church in 1542
Rome was shaken by the news that
bernardino of opined the leader of the
admirably austere and pious order
catholic of the capuchins had
abandoned italy to join the
Protestantism the desertion of oki no
one of the most relevant figures
admired in the church
finally invited the pope to take a
decision is the answer of the papacy
this type of scandal was the
creation of what was expected
was a more efficient tracking method
of heretics to stop them before they
they became a threat or in
cause of embarrassment on July 4 the pope
pablo third ordered the establishment
of a Roman inquisition the first
Inquisition on Italian soil in more
of 200 years a commission of six
cardinals would direct the holy office
Although unlike the version
Spanish directed by the crown
the power of the Roman Inquisition
it was only and exclusively in the hands
from the pub to
regardless of what he did
plus the inquisition
it could not be said that it was not an error
of the papacy
during the 16th century the inquisition
Roman enjoyed great prestige and power
Political
dads pablo fourth and peep fifth
they came to power after serving the
church as inquisitors
despite his bloody mandates in
Protestant number terms
executed
recent studies show that the
Roman Inquisition was a pioneer in
judicial reforms that would be the
predecessors of the current legal system
the prisoners of the inquisition
Romans could have a lawyer and
even gather witnesses who testified
in your favor 300 years before it
invent the figure of the lawyer
office of the Roman Inquisition and
provided free lawyers to
indigent defendants at least the
Inquisition listened to or pretended
listen to the explanations of the accused
in a way that other systems
courts did not contemplate justice
civilian was in many ways worse than
of the holy office and tortured the
accused more ruthlessly the
they condemned the defendants more quickly
they will not die because of torture in the
inquisitorial system
if instead in the civil courts
however the Roman Inquisition
came back against some of the
greatest thinkers of the Renaissance
they were very concerned about the issue of
the scriptures and it looked like galileo
he questions them based on questions
very controversial back then
the attack of the Roman Inquisition
against Protestantism it meant a lot
more than arrests, punishments and executions
in
The Vatican published its index of
Prohibited books in which I have urged
hundreds of books and authors considered
dangerous to the faith and morals of
good Catholics any citizen
I have owned one of these books
prohibited could be arrested
some authors found their books
listed in this index simply
because one or two loose phrases are
they had considered it wrong to be thomas
more political English than ironically
was beheaded for his loyalty to the
Catholic religion was also
considered a prohibited author gave in
relation to certain passages of his
Books
the index said you can read this
book but you must altar this passage
it is true that many famous people
they looked like this index therefore
historians were forbidden
question whether those rates had
some real impact there is literally
thousands of titles in each index already
part of a group of inquisitors and
bishops
few knew exactly what was
Prohibited with my investigations has been
could prove that in Catalonia for
example nobody paid attention to the index to
throughout the 16th century the
bookstores of barcelona gave me
publicly books that appeared in
the index of forbidden books
they just pretended not to know him
instrument of censorship
the index of forbidden books turned out
be something of a lot of noise and few nuts
however there is no doubt that
The Roman Inquisition had an effect
repressive intellectual ideas
and scientific and that destroyed lives
and the legacies of some of the greatest
thinkers of the Renaissance
Giordano Bruno was one of the geniuses
most eccentric of the 16th century middle
philosopher half crazy his vision of
cosmos considered implausible in its
{0}{/0} {1}Time --> 10:00{/1}
in fact I have anticipated conception
current solar system
bruno was a visionary was considered
almost a second reincarnation of
Christ although in fact he had his doubts
about the god of thought
for which he was accused he made the treaty
most famous of bruno published in 1584
soon made him worthy to appear in
the Roman title index on the
infinite universe and the planets
it's an extravagant blend of mysticism
and astronomy of Copernicus bruno launched
the theory that there is life
smart on other planets located
beyond the stars I have taught
that the unification of all
religions including Islam and the
Judaism was the only salvation of the
Humanity
these heretical beliefs provoke a
version both among Catholics as
among Protestants in a period of
religious tension people like
bruno represented a huge threat
because they really seemed to discard
almost all the basic pillars of the
Christianity for 15 years bruno
cautiously avoided the inquisition
Roman staying away from Italy
however in 1591 a rich patron
convinced to travel to venice and
Once there I have betrayed him
denouncing him before the holy office the
imprisonment and the trial of bruno
lasted seven years during which the
Roman court came practically
implore him to abandon his beliefs
heretics
I said no
It would have been like repudiating all his life
in my opinion for a man like bruno
that he was completely convinced of
his own powers would have been almost
impossible to act otherwise
maybe our fear of judging myself
greater than my fear of being judged and
ordano bruno the obstinacy of bruno
enraged both clement eighth pope
that he himself sentenced him to death on 8
February 9th, 1984
bruno was taken to campo dei fiori
in the heart of Rome and was burnt
I currently live a statue in his
honor
erected in the year 1829 marks the place
of the facts
another Galilean Renaissance intellectual
galilei also unleashed the wrath of the
inquisition when he built the
first of his famous telescopes in the
year 1609 galileo and was a physicist and
world-famous math teacher
in 1613 he published two more books
celestial messenger and sunspots in
those who defended the theory of
copernicus
According to which the earth does not just turn
about itself but also gives a
annual return around the sun officials
outraged by the inquisition
they denounced the Galilean beliefs and
they cited numerous passages of the saints
scriptures that describes the earth as
static center of the universe to the
Cardinals did not worry them too much
what was it that revolved around that
they were very concerned about the issue of
scriptures and galileo it seems that they
I have questioned with very controversial ideas
At the time,
nevertheless galileo returns to question
to the church and make a decision
amazing for years there has been a
tremendous debate especially during the
last century about what should have
made galileo in 1616 galileo avoided being
judged and punished by the inquisition
Roman when I agreed to stop teaching
its groundbreaking planetary theories
with everything 16 years later encouraged by
the fact that his old friend and
fan
Cardinal Barberini became
the eighth urban pope
the famous public scientist a
new manifesto in which he reinforced his
old ideas
this time Galileo did not calculate
well his steps because he not only produced
panic in the inquisition but that
he also provoked the wrath of his old
ally the dad of my opinion was that
factor the personal version the
personal opposition of the pope what in
great part made the holy office
proceed as he did he had a great
influence
galileo was accused of heresy in January
of thousand 633 after writing his last
wills and his will
the 68-year-old astronomer traveled to Rome
to face the inquisition
they asked him all kinds of questions how
write a book like this because not
you defend in him a vision that has been
crossed out as opposed to the scriptures
Galileo continued to maintain his innocence
what was probably not good
Strategy&
given the circumstances of the trial after
three months of interrogation by part
of the inquisition where you
they threatened to torture him they came to a
agreement in exchange for withdrawing
more serious accusations
Galileo would admit to having committed to
error and he would plead guilty to the
minor offense that supposed to have
publicly defended the
Copernicanism on June 21, thousand 632
at a public ceremony held in
rome pronounced the sentence of
galileo and this one retracted his
scientific beliefs with a heart
Honest and sincere faith I resign
cursed and repudiated the mistakes and
listed heresies galileo galilei
for years there has been a debate
awful especially during the last
century about what I should have done
That money is important to remember that
if he had refused to resign if he did not
I would have accepted the offer if I had
said I do not continue to believe in the system of
Copernicus could have executed him is
pretty easy to say 200 years
then I should not have had
courage and having challenged them and having
left to burn in the bonfire
after the pope had recanted
sentence to galileo to a punishment without
precedents back to venice and
remain under house arrest for
the rest of his life
the old scientist died
silently nine years later to
77 years old
the legend affirms however that just
after pronouncing his promise
forced galileo whispered to a friend
the earth moves despite everything
in 1992 Pope John Paul II second
officially announced that the church
wrong in 1633 to accuse the father of
the modern science of heretic
it's a pity they did not hear him
there was no theologian in that
able to understand you
the error was of those who judged
galileo the 17th and 18th centuries were a
period of decline for all
Inquisitions in Spain apart from the
need to eradicate converts
accused of secretly practicing
Judaism the Spanish Inquisition
focused on the pursuit of
unacceptable personal behavior
as for example homosexuality the
bigamy and adultery
as well as the crimes of
clergy the punishment ceremonies
the autos de fe continued to be celebrated
sporadically in the 18th century
however the prestige of the
Inquisition remained sullied when
second felipe expressly rejected
go to the car celebrated in honor of his
coronation
The Spaniards themselves began to see
the inquisition as an instrument
old from the year 1730
completely completely
inspired by ideals and reforms
of the illustration
Portugal began to dismantle its
Office of the Inquisition
about 1,773 the autos da fe
outlawed and distinctions between
old Christians and new Christians are
eliminated from Portuguese laws
it was necessary that the army of
Napoleon invaded Italy and Spain
to definitively end the
inquisition some of the first
actions of the French regime when entering
in Madrid and in 1808 the
Inquisition confiscate all their
properties and take all the
files that finding Napoleon was
even further away in Rome where not
he only confiscated the files but
he was also taken as a prisoner
Pope in 1814 the Napoleonic empire
collapsed and the pope pio seventh
I have safely returned to Rome
finally in the year 1820 the
Spanish inquisition was outlawed
completely when hearing the news
groups of citizens assaulted the
palace burned and destroying all
Inquisitorial reports
some people whose relatives
they had been tried they did not want to be
they knew why they stole it and the
they destroyed gold despite the crushing
actually the papacy refused to admit
that the end of the inquisition was
inevitable the Roman Inquisition
continue to exercise theoretically not in
Practice for the next 150
years in 1965 Pope
I have reorganized the holy office calling him
the congregation for the doctrine of the
faith still exists today
yes she only intervenes as a counselor
in ecclesiastical matters he does not realize
investigations or impose doctrine
of the church since the final fall
of the inquisition
Myths and testimonies are countless
inaccuracies that have arisen about their
objective and its practices
the discoveries made in
documents never seen as well as in the
Inquisition archives opened by
The Vatican have recently helped
unseat some of them for example
it has been shown that some
counts of people burned in the
bonfire were greatly exaggerated
people said they had burned
200 people of those two hundred maybe
three were real and 197 imaginary
little by little we have been able to fix the
real numbers of people who
were executed have been necessary
many centuries to understand that something
it was wrong
we must take into account the context and the
mentality
many people believed that the inquisition
it was a necessary instrument and although not
I have liked too much I have accepted
however other scholars warn that
a revisionist vision of the
Inquisition could be taking us
too far in the direction
wrong
it was an evil institution
If you look at everything together I would say
that the inquisition was exactly
how they have described it and what not
we need a facelift of the
Inquisition more than we need
a review of the holocaust
tortured agent imposed heavy punishments
that moa people there were theologians
fanatics in the inquisitions had
anti-Semites in the inquisitions all
this is undeniable
there is a fact that history can not
deny despite the fact that the inquisition
conceived for the good of humanity
ended up causing a pain and a
unspeakable human suffering
the inquisitions existed during
almost six centuries and they fought for
need for a group to impose their
ideas about those of others
That need continues to exist in the
present to the attention and they do
I think the lesson that we should
learn from the inquisition
it's not that we should not see it as something
SINGULAR
it's a recurring phenomenon that has
given throughout history in all
the countries because it is a phenomenon
natural is an international phenomenon
it is more is innate in the condition
human use the inquisitions as
method of imposing our
cultural preferences
Bush the danger is always on the lookout
when a society is threatened without
matter if that society is a society
religious as the catholic church of the
16th century or a nation state of the century
20 when you challenge a society
the most common result is a
violent response that often is not
regulated by law
Therefore I think that this region before
the threat is as old as the
humanity and undoubtedly will last
in the future
mmmm in force
bush
Không có nhận xét nào:
Đăng nhận xét