Waching daily Dec 28 2017

a scientific team is available to

visit two of the most active volcanoes

of the planet

this is a little unsettling is the

impact of an explosion where forces

implacable impose their law

he did not give me time to frighten me and

transform the surface of the earth

the explosions are very powerful to be

next to an active volcano is never

"Are you Sure?"

welcome to the greatest show of the

nature there are more than

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500 active volcanoes on this planet

as the monte roasted in japan

or the volcanic and guillén complex in

Indonesia

here begins a trip to a world

sculpted by the volcanoes

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Indonesian volcanic odyssey the islands of

Fire!

indonesia is part of the belt of

Pacific fire for at least 147

volcanoes and two of them the trick not and the

monte and boo are among the most

assets of the planet

however these giants have been

visited rarely, no doubt

due to being located in one of the

more remote areas of a compound country

for more than 17,000 islands

the vulcanologist and photographer tom

pfeiffer runs a travel agency and

the website

gay bolt no discovery a popular source

of updated information that

Scientists from all over the world consult

the luxury does not and the ivu appear with

often on this page that has

noticed a steady increase in his

ACTIVITY

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each volcano has a cycle and in certain

epochs

despite its intense activity it is possible

get close enough to contemplate

and study the seductions if tom wants

visit its craters

the moment is now its remote location

does not discourage photographers

of your team that without hesitation sign up

to the trip they must first fly during

several days and in three different aircraft

to the ternate island once there

complete a boat in the direction

to Isla de Almaguer where they are

located both volcanoes andi susanto les

wait at the dock

andy is the director of operations of

tom in this area and a great expert in

Indonesian volcanoes has dedicated great

part of his life to travel the world

to visit active volcanoes and it's a

of the few people who have crowned

the trick not and the ivu

the crossing to alma gera lasts one

time

The purpose of the expedition is

contemplate both craters in full

eruption but will not take any step without

a previous and careful evaluation of

running risks should be used.

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tom and andy visit the authorities

premises to obtain permits

required

we are in the luxury observatory not in

indonesia every active volcano has at

less a local observatory

we have come so that only the

volcanologists inform us about their

degree of activity and to explain them

that we want to climb in this observatory

three people work

its mission is to record the new data

and inform in the morning and in the evening

of all the central seismic activity of

the observatory office

volcanology of indonesia

a series of earthquakes meters located in

the top of the volcano record the

tiny earthquakes that indicate that the

magma moves and the exact magnitude of

every explosion

these graphics provide

very valuable information in this case the

Near continuous pattern indicates the discharge

constant ash is evident that the

Tuco activity is not superior to

of previous weeks

this reading was recorded yesterday and

shows that the group is not launching

ash columns of the vents

main

a day before the reading was almost

identical what indicates the presence of

Explosions with ash eruption

however in the current phase the volcano

it is more predictable and less

dangerous for what he took and andy

they get the permission they were looking for

the next step is to address a

local market to acquire everything

breaker necessary.

the 15,000 people who live and work

in the little town of tobe they watch

with attention to the smoking mountain in

previous elections

the roar and the ashes came up

here and everyone should be prepared

to escape

the people here continue to have

something colo

tom finds a position that sells rocks

and minerals is a very good piece

cut from black volcanic rock looks

Volcanic rock is dense and crystalline

almost like obsidian but surely

it's something else

for the locals to trade with rocks

and semiprecious stones

It is a good way to earn money in

a country so affected by eruptions and

Earthquakes

geology is an important

subject that teaches children to

protect yourself from the volcanoes plus the the

The first part of the road will run

through an extensive plantation of

coconuts

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the greatest danger we face

now it is to hit us against a branch

it has happened to me other times you get distracted

looking at the landscape and a branch hits you in

The head.

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live next to an active volcano whose

Current eruption began in 1933

it does not seem very logical but the people

has accustomed to living under the shadow of

duc or not and many do not contemplate it as

a real threat

the road that crosses the plantation

It is still passable but the track that

enters the danger zone as soon as

used and it has deteriorated a lot during the

rainy season ascend through the

steep slope will be an arduous task

and complex

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the expedition leaves the vehicles

so that they can face the

light weight difficult sections

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It is still far away if the 4x4

they get stuck they will have to face

an unexpected and exhausting day of

trip that will not cover until

into the night

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they have got it

so it's time to continue

thank goodness it has not rained

if it had rained a lot they would not have

could move from here

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the tortuous road is full of

obstacles but the drivers do not

render

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after an arduous effort they finally reach

its objective

we have arrived good the vehicles have

now the last kilometers have arrived

will be on foot will be about two or three

hours of easy to moderate walking

we are 350 meters above the level of

Mar

the first thing is to distribute all the packages

and as soon as we are ready we will undertake

the march this intermediate phase is

similar to any other

expedition spend two days in the

mountain does not want to transport a

large team what has forced them

to resort to the help of porters to

half way they join a group of

university students who accompanied by their

professor

they also head to the top they form

part of the next generation of

geologists and many of them will end

working on the many volcanoes

indonesians

this will be your first contact with a

active volcano

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the ash begins to cover the ground what

that tells them that they are getting closer

to the crater and an impressive view of the

ducó does not confirm your expectations

both groups assemble the stores in the

limit of the danger zone where no

can reach them the rocks ejected

for a moderate rash

Tom knows from experience that if one

respect the volcano and pay attention to

your warning signs to others

elements will pose a greater danger

that the explosions themselves

it's a simple storm but one of its

rays has hit at a short distance from

camp has fallen suddenly and so

fast that I have not had time nor of

frighten me the explosion has been tremendous

because he has had to hit the ground

less than one hundred meters when the

rain and with the camp already organized

take a look at the volcano its slopes

form a beautiful with or that as

indicated the seismograph does not stop

emit ash part of the ash is

falling in the leeward zone

of the column are also glimpsed

some vertical lines create a curious

play of light and shadow and they are curtains

of fine material that fall out of the

volcanic plume after sliding down the

pending the ash is deposited in the

lower slopes and enriches the

fertile substrate of the lands of

crop examine the multiple layers

allows us to travel backwards in the

history and know the behavior of

volcano in the past the black cape

upper indicates a period of activity

moderate quite similar to the current

the plates are indelible witnesses of

the different stages crossed by the

no luxury here is a little layer of

pumice stone that indicates the presence of

very powerful explosions

when after being expelled the rich magma

in gas e cools it becomes

pumice here we see it I do not know to

what depth arrives but what is normal is

that form oriented oval blocks

in the same direction that the

wind at that time investigate the

history of a volcano obliges to collect

numerous samples determine the

density of the ash and pumice

allows you to mark the affected area and

calculate the volume

the material deposited backing up

thousands of years

volcanologists can recreate the

history of each volcano what will help

to determine its potential threat to

understand the long-term effects of

its explosions and to discern if it was the

causing a cataclysmic eruption

and the conditions under which it

produced

it is important to know what he did in the

past to imagine what could

do in the future may have had

this activity for centuries but that

it does not mean that it has been like this

always

the expedition will remain here this

night and for security reasons

before taking a single step it is necessary

make sure that the behavior of

luxury does not differ from that recorded by the

local observatory

the latest seismic data is not a

Safety guarantee.

it is possible that the activity of the volcano

increase and become dangerous without

prior notice for porters is a

day like any other

efe cho before raising interest analyze

the risk-benefit ratio luxury does not

can produce very strong explosions and

powerful eject pumps and rocks a lot

beyond the edge of the crater and not

there is no doubt that if you are here there is

the danger of being hit and losing

Life.

but although the security is not total

I think the risk of staying there

a couple of hours is less than having

a car accident

especially after seeing how

they drive here

the ascension will begin in the first hour

in the morning

it's time to regain strength with a

good dinner and that andy show off their

cook skills

this is what we in indonesia call

is cancún which means spinach

water are very easy to cook and

they also have a very rich flavor

delicious carnitas after a night

quiet to arrive at the time to start the

rise what will take them less than

one hour

some members of the tom team

they get to the edge before the

sunrise

luxury does not seem to greet them by launching a

constant flow of burning ash

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the volcano continues to roar as it carries

doing for weeks letting hear

the sounds produced by

uncontainable forces of nature

now the column appears more active and

intense

the noise comes from the discharge of

ash and also the fall of red

It is a very active volcano

his current eruption began several

decades almost sounds like hail like

a strong hail in the middle of a

storm

I imagine that it originates a kind of

mixture of gas jets and ash and

small rocks we do not see anything but

we can clearly hear the fall of

small rocks and that's rays no

explosions the presence of rays

It has not yet been explained

it is possible that the ash particles

rubbing against each other

cause a static buildup in the

inside the ascending column and that

the heat will stop two masses with loads

opposite a load strong enough

can create an ionized air path

that leads to electricity and generates

a ray its magnitude and intensity will be

proportional to the size of the column

and the density of it

they can be very dangerous during a

eruption of the Mexican volcano

paricutín the rays originated in the

ash cloud caused death to

three people

the geology students also

they reach the edge of the crater where

they will know first-hand the

relentless forces that continue to give

shape your country

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here we are sure of course the

edge of an active crater is never a

safe place but in this area I have not

seen no recent impact there is no

trace of them so there are very few

odds of a rock falling

over while we're here in this

volcano calls can occur

Vulcan reductions during

In recent years we have received reports

of ash columns that rose

several kilometers caused by a

explosive activity ten times more

powerful that is now the vents

they seem to be open but when

forms a plug and blocks them

accumulated pressure ends up causing

a violent and sudden eruption

known as vulcaniano and that yes that

it would put us in difficulty in sight

of the interior of the crater is spectacular

but the landscape that surrounds the cone

composed mostly of

loose ash sediment

it is also overwhelming

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erosion caused by rain creates

an almost extraterrestrial environment that gives

testimony of the great activity of this

volcano luxury is not one of the four

or five most active volcanoes in

indonesia and indonesia is the country

number one in terms of active volcanoes

here luxury is not one of the four or

five more highlights and in a list

global

I would place it in the top 20

in the eruption of a volcano

there are three determining factors

amount of magma accumulated under its

boiling boiler

the proportion of volatile gases that

it contains and the type of magma that

springs from its crater

in some volcanoes the magma forms rivers

bright that cover the earth while

that in others it explodes suddenly throwing

blocks of lava and ash for 80

years luxury has not spit ash from

almost constant form but only

some sporadic lava flow

despite being a very active volcano just

has caused damage to the villages

surrounding areas and their inhabitants are

ceasing to see him as a threat to so

only an hour's walk in the direction

west the hill rises and boo a

small volcano with a personality

explosive the ivu expels a dense magma

known as andesite that with

frequency accumulates on the top

forming the so-called lava domes their

collapse can trigger a

lethal avalanche known as colada

pyroclastic the small town of

talent lives at the foot of the volcano

The first step is to visit the

local observatory to inform us

about their level of activity and for

tell them that we want to visit is

a routine procedure that we have

to make and hopefully they will give us the

permission or the one in the observatories

There is usually a kitchen and several

bedrooms because they remain operational

during the 24 hours in the crater and a

lava dome that has been growing

for years and that could generate a

pyroclastic wash that will go down to

here and threaten the town and andy

they request the seismic graphics for

know the latest news just

inform me that the current eruption

started in 2012 and that in

this moment his status is located in

level 2 level 2 indicates a

continuous but constant activity

yes it will show signs of an increase in

activity that could trigger a

more violent eruption would happen to level

3 and the evacuation would begin

each brand represents an eruption

the graphs indicate that it is a volcano

very active only today there has been more

of 50 eruptions the explosions arrive

to throw fragments of pumice stone to

900 meters away

the expedition plans to reach the

edge of the active crater if our

intention is to start climbing and on the

march we will see if it is or not

Too dangerous

the seismograph registers a new

eruption from here you can see the

column of ashes has been a good

Explosion

if we got to be close could have

been very dangerous that's why the staff

of the observatory remains attentive to

any change is possible in a

future the authorities should take

more drastic measures

could happen within 100 years the

next year or maybe within a thousand

years but for now everything is still calm

and life continued duo is not

located 30 minutes from the observatory is

the gateway to the mountain and owl and

the most exposed place in case of a

important eruption sits on the

opening a giant gap of

main cone so any

volcanic flow would go down directly towards

THE TOWN

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a few years ago when the ivu awoke

after a short lethargy the population was

evacuated but as your activity is

stabilized

all ended up returning the

strangers shine by their absence by

what you or do not even have a

Hotel

it's hard to see visitors is a place

so remote that hardly anyone comes

time a few Westerners and that with

good luck

andy manages to find a makeshift

Accommodation

this is the house of the card that means

village chief

It is a great honor for us

we will sleep here tonight though

we have to do it on the ground and

tomorrow morning we will start the

ascension to the ivu

if the rain does not stop it will not be possible

contemplate the nocturnal activity of

volcano neither elucidate whether

continues to expel the so-called bombs

of lava to the edge of the crater

on a clear night the pumps are

visible

the next morning it's still raining and

everything indicates that this will be the keynote

dominant for most of the day

We are not 100% sure of

if we can get to the edge

it will depend on your activity quotient

in the lava dome they have been

producing pretty explosions

frequent so the first step will be

Check if the impacts in the zones

superiors are recent or not if

we found too many recent impacts

the most advisable thing would be not to raise

clouds further complicate things

If the visibility is bad, it does not have

sense ascend to the edge

it also increases the danger because if not

you see nothing is easier to reach you

an explosion in those conditions does not

it would make sense to be there only

we will go up and the visibility is good

in spite of everything tom decides to undertake the

march with the hope that the

situation improve during the laborious

extension the officers of

observatory have weighed up to the

the last moment should be granted the

permission due to the significant increase

of the activity of the ivu have finished

accepting after valuing the prestige and

experience everything but they have demanded that

arnold the spiritual guardian of

volcano accompanies the group without a doubt

great honor

something that Tom has learned in his

numerous expeditions is the important thing

which is to have a local guide is the

head of the volcano

the most experienced man and the one

better know the monte ebook

I asked him to make me a

improvised cane and when they saw me

walk with him

everyone wanted or not

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this path has not been used since

quite some time ago so arnold

our guide is having to use

a lot of machete to clear the way

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It is likely that Andy is the last

person who climbed the volcano did it

six months ago to make a

ground reconnaissance

his experience and that of arnold result

vital

a challenge

this is ash sometimes when the

wind blows in this direction and there

an explosion

the ash is deposited in this area in the

dry season covers the leaves with the

first rains in which it cleans and

how tonight has rained a lot in

many places has disappeared but

the closer we get to the crater

more ash we will see the season

seismological located halfway

retransmits the most recent data to

local observatory our steps have

been recorded by the instruments and

they would have altered the line of the

Chart

the pennetta expedition in the area

danger and impacts of rocks

thrown during the explosions

begin to be visible

it's a bit disturbing here we have the

trace of a large explosion

there are many fragments scattered this

is one of the largest size fall to

great speed at about one hundred meters

second and discharge a lot of energy

when the soil is soft they form

species of craters would cut in two

we are one kilometer from the top what

which means that if it occurs

an explosion of moderate intensity

we could be reached by the

material ejected something with what already

we count here the vegetation is

leafy but it would only give us

a protection sees you approaching a

active volcano always carries a high

risk

arnold calculates that the impact occurred

does at least two

years if it were more recent

more fragments about the vegetation

30 minutes of the objective

the prints multiply

here is another bomb in the middle of

path it is evident that the more

let's go up the closer we are to the

edge more bombs we will see

I hope it is not very recent

e

e

here the impact but I do not see the rock that

what produced it could have been the

causative is likely to bounce there

and will continue rolling until stopping at

the place that it occupies now undoubtedly us

we are approaching my experience I

says that if we continue walking towards

the edge we will be safe and the

information provided by the

seismograph indicated same name state

here but the most advisable always

is to approach slowly

We have climbed in a hurry and fog

continue wrapping the edge

if we approached now we would not see

nothing and maybe our security is

I would look committed I regretted looking

too cautious but this is a

much safer place

so I propose that we want here

half an hour and we listen with

tranquility

I just heard the faint sound of a

explosion and opined that if we stay

here 30 minutes

we could hear other explosions and

get a much more complete vision

everything indicates that he is not very active but

I'd hate to be right on the edge and

that a stronger expression we

surprise everyone but both days

disagree with tom his opinion prevails

the edge of the crater is less than

100 meters away from the boiler and

in a place like this there is no space

for the error

after 30 minutes without frights decide

resume your travel.

another explosion and very noisy without bombs

it's a good sign we're already very close

about 100 or 150 meters from the crater

if it will be interesting

tom reaches the edge but the thick layer

of clouds hides the location of the

active vents will not know if

is ejecting pumps until it

produce another eruption the active flow

go down there

I'll try to get a little closer to

see how far compact they get

the rest of the group climbs to the edge

of the porters install the

camp the noise produced by the

violent gas emanations go through

the fog

then a rash resounds

the ejected bombs do not fly towards the

camp which means that they have

chosen a good place

the porters begin to build a

shelter that protects them from the rain

eaton rescues a pair of dead trees

to strengthen its structure

the sky begins to clear what they

allows you to take a first look at the

active vents and discover that

they are disturbingly close this

volcano is not for the fainthearted

this is the volcano and poo and there we have

a fairly recent lava dome that

black and grayish mass that occupy the

most of the crater in the center and

a small one with the scum that

remains active

a new eruption surprises everyone

but only ejects ash mixed with

water vapor is not a vent that

Spit bombs until they see the

material that expels the other two

the security will be compromised it seems

going through an eruption phase is

small and frequent they have done

grow that cone of scum what I

it induces us to think that we are

reasonably safe at least by

and now

but the trees have lost the branches

more ends and all have died because of

the repeated impacts

only the trunks and the thick branches

have resisted the volcanoes located in

subduction zones do not usually produce

a type of lava quite rich in silica

so it's quite slimy it does not

it behaves like lava from the volcano

typical Hawaiian that is fluid form

channels and has an almost liquid appearance

the lava that the ivu expelled during the

recent years has accumulated over the

vent forming a structure with

dome shape known as dome

lava its viscosity prevents it from flowing

so it clumps together in a huge mass

whose interior remains very hot

this can cause very bad eruptions

potentially dangerous because the great

viscosity of the lava catches gases are

very volatile that can sometimes

trigger big explosions

these images of semeru volcano

signed by andy on the island of java

show an active lava dome in full

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the increase in internal pressure makes

that the structure inflates if the

accumulated pressure is excessive

the dome can explode suddenly without

notice

the left vent of the mountain ebook

begins to release gas

e

this is the sound that the group heard

when it reached the edge of the crater

just before the first explosion

the column emerges from a small dome

lava as in the semeru gas

remains trapped under the bark of

magma

If the pressure increases and the vent

explode is very likely to eject

Pumps

the upper vent starts at

throw ash

in the one on the right is occurring

a magmatic phreatic eruption in the

that groundwater interacts with

the magma to produce an explosion

when the water is transformed into steam the

Instant expansion of the gas gets

make your way through the rock that

it is fragmented into small pieces

that when falling around the crater

increase the size of the acquaintance

laws

something is about to happen in the

third vent

it's time to analyze what happened

explosion threw pieces of lava to

supersonic speeds in direction

contrary to the location of the group

the interior crater bombed with

fragments of rock an explosion like

this much larger scale was the cause

of the impact found on the road

to the top

the volcanoes always give you surprises

I did not expect this type of rash

Stromboliana that classic and beautiful

exclusion that throws bombs

incandescent to 100 or 200 meters of

distance and that by joining the team the

sound that bounces off the walls of

crater composes an atmosphere of what

more disturbing

thanks to your side reveals the presence

of the fresh magma that hides underneath

it is possible that this vent is

feeding the lava flow that is

slightly brown when the sun

hidden behind the horizon the dim glow

of the lava becomes visible

during the night the incandescents

lava blocks illuminate the sky and

eruptions are even more grandiose

aft

Music

aft

We have lived a great experience in one

of the five most active volcanoes in

all indonesia every volcano has its

own personality

the mountain and west very different from luxury not

but it's also great for me this

expedition has been one of the most

complete

I have seen beautiful landscapes and shared

great moments and although the rise

until the top is a bit long and

laborious the views are extraordinary

tom pfeiffer has lived another great

Adventure

knows that getting so close to the mountain and vu

it's an experience that few

will enjoy your remote location and your

sudden and violent eruptions

pose a challenge even for the

more courageous and experienced but

for climbing these two giants and

examine your geological data is a

vital part of your job as

volcanologist

ivu and luxury are not among the 20

most active volcanoes on the planet and they are

the spearhead of those forces

uncontainable that continue to create and

reconfiguring the islands of Indonesia and

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